Discuss in detail the psychoactive effects of depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens and inhalant?

MODULE 2
Chapter 3: Major SU & their Effect on the Brain & Body
Learning Objectives – In this module, we will discuss the basic parts of the brain and the impact of various substances on brain function and the body.
Assignment:
Read Chapter 3, including all case studies.
Review the PowerPoint Download PowerPoint- Click PowerPoint to see learning objectives.
Watch the videos
Mechanism of Addiction https://youtu.be/NxHNxmJv2bQ (Links to an external site.) 4:15 minutes
The Teenage Brain & Addictionhttps://youtu.be/ZTy1_aQV9pA (Links to an external site.) 4:23 minutes
Familiarize yourself with the Key Terms & Definitions Download Key Terms & Definitions
Refer to the grading rubric specifications before posting your responses.
Discuss the questions below and identify concepts in the video that correlate with the chapter.
Provide a minimum of 3 ways depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens and inhalant affect the brain, the body and overall health?
Discuss in detail the psychoactive effects of depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens and inhalant?
Articulate your understanding of tolerance and withdrawal symptoms associated with depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens and inhalant?
In your view, do you believe that the brain is capable of repairing itself after long-term use?
Read the case discussion and the case study on page 89 & 90, and answer the critical questions.
Engage in the discussion in the following ways:
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Original response & replies due by Sunday, 10/10 no later than 11:59 pm.
Note: CV posts are meant to be interactive. Students are expected to check CV for posts from colleagues until the due date ends on Sunday, 10/10 @ 11:59 pm. Late submissions are discouraged due to the risk of not receiving feedback from peers, and a reduction in points earned.

Bridget Horne
Sep 27, 2021Sep 27 at 5:35pm
Manage Discussion Entry
Chapter 3: Major SU & their Effect on the body & Brain
Depressants effect the central nervous system. Depressants dampen the CNS activity while displaying a weak analgesic. Ethanol is a depressant that effect the cerebral cortex and works down. Which in turn impairs judgment, emotional changes, and motor skills. It can also lead to coma or death.
Stimulants such as cocaine works on the heart muscle, causing the heart to beat inefficiently and narrows the blood vessels. It restricts oxygen flow for maximum performance. Heavy use causes angina, irregular heartbeat, and possible heart attack.
Hallucinogens causes hallucinations and distortions of a person’s reality. This drug causes depression, flashbacks and amnesia are all psychological consequences. It can also cause unintentional injury because a person is under the influence.
Inhalants are chemical found in everyday household such as paints, aerosols, and hairspray. These substances are sniffed, snorted, and inhaled. It causes you to become lightheaded, drowsy, and even agitated. Chronic users can experience weight loss and muscles weakness. If inhalants are combined with other drugs such as cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana it can cause malnutrition and respiratory problems.
Alcohol as a depressant cloud’s judgment. The neurochemical mechanism that effects good judgment is the frontal lobe of the brain. It gives you the desire to perform but you lack the ability to do so. Alcohol effects the glutamate which in turn can diminish the capacity to form new memories.
Cocaine is a powerful stimulant. Cocaine can alter your mood. It takes away the feeling of inferiority and loosens inhibitions. Cocaine can lead to suicide due to cocaine induced depression.
PCP is a hallucinogen that can be smoked, inhaled, or snorted. Within 30 minutes of smoking or ingesting PCP you get a rapid sensation. Chronic users can experience memory problems and speech disorders up to one year.
Inhalants are a quick high with minimal hangover effect. This drug causes disruptive and antisocial behavior. It also causes self-directed aggression.
Tolerance to alcohol the body adapts to trying to maintain its normal functioning. As the liver starts to detox it becomes more efficient. The younger the drinker the greater chance to develop clinically alcohol disorder. The withdrawal symptoms appear within 12 to 72 hours after drinking has ceased.
Effects of stimulants last 5 to 10 minutes. The withdrawal symptoms of anxiety, depression and paranoia leads to a high intensity of cravings. Neurochemicals in our body can create a tolerance for most people who us this type of drug.
Constant use of PCP leads to cravings and compulsive PCP use. This can lead to SUD.
Inhalant’s withdrawal effects sweating, vomiting and nausea. Using this drug increase the craving to relieve muscles pain. Most people need the drug to maintain normal body functioning.
The brain helps our body to function. I feel the brain can be healed after drug use. Time of usage is a factor. When stating long term does that mean 1 year, 5 or 20 years. Quitting earlier is better than later. Over periods of time could cause irreversible damage. It also depends on person’s body and how it heals.
Critical Questions
1.To assess the patient, I would like to know his and his family drug use, complete health history, and his triggers. How many days of the week drugs are being used and the quantity.
Through brain imaging I would like to see if the client’s vison and speech has been impaired. Or if they have total function of their motor skills.
It is determined by how extensive the damage is to the brain.
Shawnita McDonald
Sep 28, 2021Sep 28 at 3:41pm
Manage Discussion Entry
1). Depressants can cause cardiac and respiratory depression. The medulla can also become depressed due to depressant use, which will cause death. Continued use of depressants can cause liver cirrhosis and nervous system depression.
Hallucinogens are another drug that can cause cardiac and respiratory depression. Long term use of hallucinogens can cause speech problems, weight loss, and persistent psychosis. Hallucinogens disrupt the actions of glutamate, which has a major part in learning and cognition. Hallucinogens also cause respiratory depression.
Like hallucinogens and depressants, stimulants also depress the respiratory system. They also cause heart attack and stroke. Chronic users of stimulants can have alterations in brain chemistry that impact movement.
Inhalants cause slow brain activity which can cause euphoria, slurred speech, and lack of coordination. Chronic effects of inhalants include liver and kidney damage, loss of hearing, and brain damage. Vomiting, drowsiness, and headaches that last hours at a time are also ways inhalants affect the body.
2) Depressants can have a relaxing effect, but it can also impair judgment. Also some get the notion that depressants cause an increased sex drive.
Stimulants on the other hand, elevates the mood. Inferior feelings fade away which is why some users use it to “treat” low self-esteem
Psychoactive effects of hallucinogens usually take place an hour after oral indigestion and usually spike anywhere from 2 to 4 hours. Also synesthesia, which involves hearing colors is another psychoactive effect of hallucinogens. Easily accessible to adolescents, inhalants often make adolescents or adults forget their issues all while getting a rapid high.
3). Tolerance is when a person does not have the same effect they did the first time they used and need more of the drugs to get the same results. Withdrawal is what a person goes through when they’re not using a substance. Symptoms of alcohol withdrawal include anxiety, insomnia, rapid heart rate, and appetite loss. Hallucinogens do not usually produce withdrawal behavior but they do cause tolerance. Inhalants addiction is rare, but when they are used regularly tolerance and withdrawal can happen. As far as stimulants, different ones produce different effects of tolerance and withdrawal or one or the other. Depressants produce withdrawals most.
4) I believe the brain can repair itself depending on how much damage is done. As the text states, frequent exposure to substances concoct something called excitotoxicity that damages and ultimately kills NDMA neurons. This is common in children and teens with developing brains.
Part 2
1) In order to treat the client, any past history or traumas would be helpful. We know past and current traumas can lead to one using substances.
2) When looking at Neuroscience imaging, I would expect to find activation in the limbic system.
3) If the neurons are already killed off then I would say no. As I stated earlier, it depends on the extent of the damage.
www.drugabuse.org/publications/drugfacts/ hallucinogens
www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports / hallucinogens-dissociative-drugs
www.drugabuse.org/publications/drugfacts/inhalants
Addictioncenter.com/stimulants/withdrawals-and-detox
Recovery.org/inhalant-addiction/quitting
OCLLC
8 minutes ago
HMS 260

Required TextStevens, Patricia W. & Smith, Robert L. (2018).Substance Use Counseling:
Theory & Practice, (6thed.). Pearson Education: New York, NY.

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