1. What difficulties did newly independent Latin American
countries face in the 1830s and 1840s?
2. Why did the first
generation of liberals fail to achieve their goals, leading to a conservative
reaction at mid century?
3. How does caudillo
leadership account for turbulence in early republican Spanish America?
4. Can you contrast the picture in early independent Brazil,
which remained a monarchy?
5. What social,
economic, and cultural patterns showed continuity with colonial days, despite
political changes
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