Why do you think it’s so common for people to make this type of fallacious argument?

philosophy answer to questions based on readings and YouTube videos
total of 24 questions that need to be answered
QUESTION EXAMPLES:
1. Sometimes we can say the same thing in two different ways, and the notion of “logical equivalence” is capturing this core idea. For example, “I’m hungry” and “I’m not not hungry” are logically equivalent. This is called a double negation. Give an example of an English sentence that includes a double negation, and then give the simplified, equivalent English sentence without any negations.
2. Material implication says that P ⊃ Q is equivalent to ~P v Q (in quasi-english, “if P then Q” is equivalent to “not-P or Q”). Give an example of a conversation in which this equivalence could be useful.

3. There are many invalid argument forms, and here is an example of affirming the consequent:
If Thor has his hammer, then he can shoot lightning.
Thor can shoot lightning.
Therefore, Thor has his hammer.
If it’s not clear that this argument is invalid, watch Thor: Ragnarok. In this movie, Thor’s hammer is destroyed, but he is still able to shoot lightning. In other words, Thor can shoot lightning with or without his hammer (although it takes him most of the movie to realize it).
Why do you think it’s so common for people to make the fallacy of affirming the consequent? In answering this question, be sure to explain what valid argument form this fallacy resembles.

4. There are many invalid argument forms, and here is an example of denying the antecedent:
If the Hulk gets irritated, then he will smash stuff.
The hulk is not irritated.
Therefore he is not smashing stuff.
Again, this argument isn’t valid. The Hulk also smashes stuff when he’s happy, it’s just one of the things the Hulk often gets excited about doing. Why do you think it’s so common for people to make this type of fallacious argument? In answering this question, be sure to explain what valid argument form this fallacy resembles.

5. What does it mean for a disjunct to be inclusive? Take a standard sentence in English — say, “Thor will win the fight or all of Asgard will be destroyed” (Thor is from Asgard). Is this use of “or” inclusive? Explain.

6. There are many invalid argument forms, and here is an example of affirming a disjunct:
You either love Guardians of the Galaxy or you love Avengers Endgame.
You love Avengers Endgame.
Therefore, you don’t love Guardians of the Galaxy.
Of course, you could love both movies, so this argument isn’t valid. Once again, why do you think people make this type of fallacious argument?

7. What is your favorite idea from Chapter 4 (either this week or last week). Why? Explain your thinking.

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