Write an essay on trauma; highlighting the most recent neuro science research on trauma. This is research that will be going into a book so citations are not needed, but a reference list is. Mostly focusing on research and statistics. I have put some suggested authors and references below.
Topics such as:
• The science behind fight or flight or freeze and the sympathetic nervous system
• Trauma Egg
• Betrayal trauma
• Generational trauma
• Love and sex addiction
• Trauma repetition
• Trauma bond
• Process addictions
• PTSD and complex PTSD.
• EMDR
• Somatic Experience,
• Accelerated Resolution Therapy
• Psychodrama,
• Internal Family Systems,
• Experiential therapies
• Mindfulness and trauma
• Brainspotting
• Any other common therapies relevant to trauma.
• maladaptive coping behaviors such as; addiction, disordered eating, codependency, sexual compulsivity, depression, anxiety,
• Acute trauma results from a single incident.
• Chronic trauma is repeated and prolonged such as domestic violence or abuse.
• Complex trauma is exposure to varied and multiple traumatic events, often of an invasive, interpersonal nature.
• Reactions to trauma.
• Big T trauma vs little T trauma
• Effects of trauma on the brain
• Effects of trauma on the body
• Fight, flight or freeze
“Initial reactions to trauma can include exhaustion, confusion, sadness, anxiety, agitation, numbness, dissociation, confusion, physical arousal, and blunted affect. Most responses are normal in that they affect most survivors and are socially acceptable, psychologically effective, and self-limited.
References:
American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Washington, DC: Author. Briere, J. (2004). Psychological assessment of adult posttraumatic states: Phenomenology, diagnosis, and measurement (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Briere, J., & Scott, C. (2006). Principles of trauma therapy: A guide to symptoms, evaluation, and treatment. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Cloitre, M., Stovall-McClough, K. C., Nooner, K., Zorbas, P., Cherry, S., Jackson, C. L., et al. (2010). Treatment for PTSD related to childhood abuse: A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Psychiatry, 167, 915–924.
Cohen, J. A., Mannarino, A. P., & Deblinger, E. (2006). Treating trauma and traumatic grief in children and adolescents. New York: Guilford Press.
Courtois, C. A., & Ford, J. D. (Eds.). (2009). Treating complex traumatic stress disorders: An evidence-based guide. New York: Guilford Press.
Courtois, C. A., & Gold, S. N. (2009). The need for inclusion of psychological trauma in the professional curriculum: A call to action. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 1(1), 3–23.
Dahlen, U., Colpitts, D., & Green, C. (2008). The trauma egg as an intervention with the spouses of sexually addicted men. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 15(4), 346-354.
DePrince, A. P., & Newman, E. (2011). The art and science of trauma-focused training and education. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 3(3), 213–214.
Dohrenwend, B. P., Turner, J. B., Turse, N. A., Adams, B. G., Koenen, K. C., & Marshall, R. (2006). The psychological risks of Vietnam for U.S. veterans: A revisit with new data and methods. Science, 313, 979–982.
Foa, E. B. (2011). Prolonged exposure therapy: Past, present, and future. Depression and Anxiety, 28, 1043–1047. Gilbert, P. (2009). Introducing compassion-focused therapy. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 15, 199–208.
Herman, J. L. (1992). Complex PTSD: A syndrome in survivors of prolonged and repeated trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 3, 377–391.
Herman, J. L. (2015). Trauma and recovery: The aftermath of violence–from domestic abuse to political terror. Hachette uK.
Lambert, M. J., & Barley, D. E. (2001). Research summary on the therapeutic relationship and psychotherapy outcome. Psychotherapy, 38, 357–361.
Levine, P. A. (2010). In an unspoken voice: How the body releases trauma and restores goodness. North Atlantic Books.
Linehan, M. M. (1993). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder. New York: Guilford Press.
Martin, D. J., Garske, J. P., & Davis, M. K. (2000). Relation of the therapeutic alliance with outcome and other variables: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 438–450.
Masson, J. M. (1984). The assault on truth: Freud’s suppression of the seduction theory. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux.
Norcross, J. C. (Ed.). (2011). Psychotherapy relationships that work (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
Resick, P. A., & Schnicke, M. K. (1993). Cognitive processing therapy for rape victims: A treatment manual.
Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Rholes, W. S., & Simpson, J. A. (Eds.). (2004). Adult attachment: Theory, research, and clinical implications. New York: Guilford Press.
Shapiro, F. (1995). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Basic principles, protocols, and procedures. New York: Guilford Press.
van der Kolk, B. A. (2005). Developmental trauma disorder: Toward a rational diagnosis for children with complex trauma histories. Psychiatric Annals, 35(5), 401–408.
Van der Kolk, B. A. (1996). Trauma and memory. The Guilford Press.
Van der Kolk, B. A. (2003). Psychological trauma. American Psychiatric Pub.
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