What is the basis of morality?

What is the basis of morality? a) If it’s the individual’s own values, does that mean no one
can ever be immoral – including serial killers, rapists, and child abusers – unless they violate
their own moral code? And if they believe those things are right, they’d be immoral only if
they didn’t do them? b) If it’s the values of society, does that mean no society can ever be
immoral – even if it practices genocide, slavery, or degradation – as long as it follows its own
values? And dissenters, like the Germans who rescued Jews from the Nazis, are immoral
because they go against their society’s values? Are obedient conformists always more moral
than “conscientious objectors”? c) If the basis of morality is neither the individual nor the
society, what is it? State your views clearly and give your reasons for holding them. Consider possible
objections to your views. The more challenging you make it the better: treating answers as
obvious is not worth as much as seeing how they are controversial and difficult.

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