Write an Essay on Charles Darwin, Origin or Species, and Darwinist theory and theory.
1. “It is remarkable how Darwin recognized among beasts and plants his English society with its division of labor, competition, opening up of new markets, ‘inventions,’ and Malthusian ‘struggle for existence’ . . . . With Darwin the animal kingdom figures as bourgeois society.” (Karl Marx in correspondence with Friedrich Engels)
2. “Some of my critics have said, ‘Oh, he is a good observer, but has no power of reasoning.’ I do not think that this can be true, for the Origin of Species is one long argument from the beginning to the end….” (Charles Darwin)
You’re expected to make use of the class lectures, readings, and discussions. Those are the materials you’re being examined on. You needn’t include a formal bibliography, but you should refer to sources and page numbers in the text of your essay, e.g., “as Darwin reasoned on p. 80 of the Origin” or “(Darwin, Origin, p. 80).”
Your task is to make sense of an author’s position and reasoning. What are they saying and why would they have thought that? To make sense of an author’s position, it doesn’t help to portray them as foolish, however wrong or misguided you personally consider them to be.
Nor does it help to take an author’s position and reasoning for granted, as if it there is no explanation required. Go to as much trouble to make sense of positions and lines of reasoning that you agree with as you would to make sense of positions you disagree with.
In making sense of the authors in question, it may help to imagine that you’re addressing an audience that is not already familiar with the subject matter. Imagine, for example, that you’re addressing some of your peers who are interested to hear what your class is about, what sorts of things you’re discussing. You have to be a bit of a teacher to make the authors’ viewpoints and reasoning understandable to such an audience.
As we all know, an explanation can be too short to make sense of the subject matter.
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