Discuss what some of the normative theories explained in class (e.g. Utilitarianism, Kantian ethics, virtue ethics) would have to say about this issue.

There are three
(3) questions. The first two (2) are short response, and your answer should be
approximately one paragraph. These will be marked out of four (4). The final
question is an essay question. You do not need to provide citations. This will
be marked out of twelve (12).

Question One

Provide an argument for or against Cultural Relativism

Question Two
Axe Murderer:

Suppose you are at home and a sinister looking man arrives at
your home and asks where your best friend is. What would a Kantian say you
ought to do? Can you provide any reason this would be wrong?

Question Three

(Essay question)
An important ethical question for many of us is how we should consider the
needs of those near us (for instance, those in our own family, neighbourhood
or country) versus those who are further away who may be more indeed (for
instance, the poor and hungry in other cities/overseas). Discuss what some of
the normative theories explained in class (e.g. Utilitarianism, Kantian ethics,
virtue ethics) would have to say about this issue. Give some reasons why these
theories are adequate/inadequate.

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For the long question Essay:

•This is an essay question. My expectation
is that that you write a short introduction and conclusion, as well as ~3 body
paragraphs. Each of the body paragraphs should be close to what you would write
for one of your weekly writing exercises, but in the case of this longer essay,
the paragraphs should fit together to argue for some bigger point
•For example: if the question was about
why Utilitarianism is a good approach, you might start with a paragraph on
Classical Utilitarianism, then have a paragraph on objections (such as not
accounting for justice considerations), and then have a paragraph on why Rule
Utilitarianism/Multiple-Strategy Utilitarian might solve some/all of these
problems
•Spending at least one paragraph on
counterarguments (so arguments that you are against your final conclusion)
demonstrates that you considered alternate points of view (so in the above
example)

•General points: it is going to be close
to stuff that is in the book. You can use arguments/information you find there.
It just needs to be clear to me you understand what Rachels is saying about the
ethical theory/argument/observation. If you want to make your own
argument/observation or even argue for your own ethical theory, feel free, just
make sure you write good arguments
Book Link: https://vulms.vu.edu.pk/Courses/ETH202/Downloads/The%20Elements%20of%20Moral%20Philosophy.pdf

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