What changed for African Americans in northern states, and why, and why did African Americans in the South not see any of these changes?

I do not want you to simply list out page after page of facts and quotes. If you do that, you will not earn a high score, because you will have written a report. You need to think about these questions, draw on what we have covered, and provide convincing answers, backed up with evidence and specific examples, and cited.

This exam is about showing that you can think about some of the big ideas of the course so far, and deliver original thoughts. You have a while to write these, so I expect them to be well-written. Grammar and mechanics will be part of your grade.

choose ONLY 2 from the following! No NEED to answer all 3!!!

The revolutionary spirit of the late eighteenth century, with its notions of freedom, liberty, rights, and individuality, delivered gains for northern African Americans but failed to provide any positive changes for African Americans living in southern states. What changed for African Americans in northern states, and why, and why did African Americans in the South not see any of these changes?
Land, and understandings of it, were central to the conflict between European settlers and Native Americans. Why, and how did understandings differ?

The English and the Spanish both colonized North America, and each had sustained encounters and interactions with Native Americans. Through the period we have studied thus far, what are the similarities with and differences between how English and Spanish colonists and their societies treated and interacted with Native Americans?

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