Tense: present tense for summary
• Language of analysis: this shows, etc. Avoid colloquial language / abbreviations etc. entirely.
• Grammar:
– Avoid prepositions at the end of a sentence or clause; split infinitives.
– Sophisticated syntax!
• Your need to have a thesis, a contention! Avoid paraphrase.
• Each para state contention, point, what you want to prove, then paraphrase briefly or quote briefly, then analyse the quote, & come to a conclusion about it. Somehow each paragraph must be mixture of these things.
• You need to demonstrate to the reader that your view is right by documenting (quotes) & analysing the work but not by paraphrasing at length.
• While having a contention, stay balanced in your view, take into account elements that come in conflict with your thesis.
• Always stay focused on the work that you’re analysing, don’t talk about other things until you get to the conclusion of the paper where you may want to broaden the discussion and generalise (a bit).
• Major flaws of a paper: much summary (paraphrasing), no argument, no outline, no transitions (from one argument to the next argument), problems with your voice as distinct from that of the narrator of the story or from other critics.
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