Define framing as it is used in reference to political communication.

You will provide TWO short answers. In Part 2, you will write ONE essay.
Be sure to answer all parts of each question.

Provide short answers to two questions.

Question 1.)
Define framing as it is used in reference to political communication. Explain its significance to politics and illustrate this with an example.

Question 2.)
Despite important electoral gains over time, women, gender diverse folks, and LGBTQIA2S+ people are generally underrepresented in legislatures. List two factors that have been found to contribute to lower numbers of female, gender diverse, and LGBTQIA2S+ candidates/elected politicians, and comment on why this matters in terms of descriptive and/or substantive representation.

Essay

How can civil society contribute to change?
This term, we learned about the different strategies for action that are available to interest groups versus social movements, and the different resources that are required for different strategies. We also discussed various types of power that may be used by civil society.
Using these concepts, make an argument about one way to pursue change in an issue area you are interested in (for example, climate change, Indigenous rights, refugee and immigration policy, others…). You may consider a single main strategy or a combination of strategies. Your essay should describe the types of resources that would be necessary to pursue your approach, and comment on why your approach is a good fit for the issue you have chosen and/or why you expect it to be effective in promoting change.
Your essay can refer to specific real-world examples of groups or movements, but it is not necessary to do so. You may choose to write in general or hypothetical terms (you can reference the actions of a specific environmental organization OR discuss the types of strategies that might be available to an environmental organization).
Your essay should:
• Answer the question
• Present a clear thesis in the first paragraph and defend it throughout the essay (don’t
include irrelevant material).

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