What are they, and how does he argue that none of them are “happiness”?

Answer ALL of the following questions with clear, detailed essays.
All answers are to be typed (10-12 pt. font, double-spaced), with a proper heading at the top of your submission (name, student ID, semester and year, subject and section).
All answers are to be restricted to the assigned readings and corresponding lectures. Outside sources are not permitted in your submissions.
Proper reference to the reading material and corresponding lectures should be given throughout.

Take your time with this assignment.
Do your best to stay on top of the readings and lectures as this material is covered.
Be thorough. Be detailed. Ensure that your essays are well-written, and well-referenced.
At completion, you will have produced a moderately-long paper comprised of a series of essays.

Virtue Ethics
1) Aristotle suggests that “ the good for man is happiness”, and considers three ideas of what “ happiness” is. What are they, and how does he argue that none of them are “happiness”?
2) What is Aristotle’s definition of “happiness”, and how does he argue for it?
3) Discuss Aristotle’s account of virtue. What is a virtue? How, according to Aristotle, is virtue acquired? What is the “virtuous disposition”, and how can we tell that the virtuous disposition has been acquired? Cite specific moral virtues in your discussion.
4) What are the advantages of virtue ethics?
5) What is the “problem of incompleteness” in virtue ethics?

Utilitarianism
6) What is the principle of utility? Provide two examples of its application.
7) Compare and contrast Bentham and Mill on the principle of utility. How does Bentham formulate it? How does Mill’s approach differ from Bentham’s? What does Mill accomplish by changing the conception of the principle of utility?
8) Bentham considers and criticizes 2 sets of principles that are opposed to utility. What are they, and how does he criticize each of them?
9) Discuss the difficulties with: the idea that happiness is all that matters; the idea that consequences are all that matter; the requirement of strict impartiality.
10) Discuss the three lines of defense open to the Utilitarian, as considered by Rachels.

Kantianism
11) Kant’s moral theory is “deontological”. What does this mean?
12) What, according to Kant, is the only thing that is “good without qualification”? How are all other goods qualified?
13) What are the key differences between hypothetical and categorical imperatives?
14) We looked at 2 formulations of the categorical imperative. State them. In what way can they be thought of as expressing the same principle?
15) What is a “ maxim”, and what role does it play in Kant’s moral theory? Demonstrate the role of maxims and the first formulation of the categorical imperative in Kant’s reasoning that we should never lie.
16) What, according to Anscombe, is wrong with Kant’s reasoning that we should never lie? What is the principle argument against absolute moral rules?

Social Contract Theory
17) What is the basic idea behind Social Contract Theory?
18) How does Hobbes “state of nature” argument provide motivation for this view?

19) How does the “prisoner’s dilemma” provide motivation for this view?
20) What are SCT’s advantages? What are the difficulties for SCT?

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