Essay question: What are the external and internal factors for the robustness of authoritarianism in the middle east? Answer with reference to one case study.
Instructions: do not put data such as dates, names, numbers; just arguments. Case study choose a country from the Middle East.
Here are some factors that I would like you to go thorugh (plus the ones you can find):
External factors: Support of US in funding weapons (e.g. to the Egyptian government).
Internal factors: WE NEED TO TAKE INTO CONSIDERATION: Colonialism, Otonomcacy, crises of legitimacy (the groups to came into power after colonialism imposed Arab nationalism), Sectarianism (religion, tribe). The government is controlled by elites. Stop movements that threat their hold in the power. Controlling the elections, lack of institutions, Oil.
Oil (the rule of oil) has prevented uprising and protest in the Golf region such as siria, libia or egypt. Relationship between oil and uprsising. Oil plays an important part in authoritarianism. Oil has increased money (Qatar, UAE, Arabai Saudi…). Golf uprising, did not work because the protesters did not have resources. Citizens has been advantaged by oil but not a lot compare to the government or elites.
gulf states are able to resist political pressure (from locals/grassroots mobilization) due to the provision of oil money for their regime.
Say how the state uses the revenues from oil to appease its citizens, buy advanced weaponry to put down any rebellions.
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