Reconstruction: The second Civil War

It might be said that two civil wars were fought in the United States between April 1861 and April 1877, and that the North won the first while the South won the second. If so, how and why did the North win the first, and how and why might it be said that the South won the second?

What were the major strategies and tactics of both conflicts?

Be sure to discuss not only the reasons for the Union military victory over the rebellious South, but also the various phases of Reconstruction (Presidential and Congressional), how white Southerners resisted them, and what the consequences of such resistance were; and how and why they eventually achieved their self-described “redemption” of the South.

In what ways did Reconstruction consequently fail? In what ways did Reconstruction succeed?

As always, be explicit in your arguments and support them with appropriate specific examples.

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