This exam is made up of short answer questions (3 or 4 points each) Read the entire question, and provide a complete answer (150 word minimum) to receive full credit. Please write in complete sentences and use correct grammar and punctuation.
1. Discuss how gender norms and social control may explain the gender gap in criminal offending. (3 points)
2. Discuss the typical gendered pathway for a female to offending. What is gender-specific programming and why is this an important concept to help girls and women desist from crime? (4 points)
3. How do gender, class and race intersect to increase the chance of woman entering the criminal justice system? (4 points)
4. Based on the article “Empowering Women to Escape Prostitution” by Giobbe, why do prostitutes, even though often abused, not receive the status of victim or survivor (only offender)? (3 points)
5. How has the War on Drugs had a disproportionate negative impact on women and widened the net for entry into the criminal justice system? (4 points)
6. Discuss the need for care vs. the level of care for female offenders in the areas of mental health, substance abuse and medical care in women’s prisons. (4 points)
7. What is a systems approach to female offending? Discuss four components that would be necessary in a successful community corrections, prison, or re-entry program for female offenders. (4 points)
8. Which theory makes the most sense to you regarding female criminality? Why? (You must show me that you understand the theory!) (4 points)
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