What interventions could decrease the distress of both the adolescent and guardian prior to surgery compared to those who did not ?

• Summarize the clinical problem, significance to nursing, and clinical
practice guideline.
• Clearly state your PICO(T).

Clinical Problem
There has been a prevalent problem among children in the operation room displaying increased anxiety before anesthesia administration. According to Chaurasia et al. (2019), “Anesthetic induction can be one of the most stressful experiences for the child during the perioperative period, with almost 50% of the children showing significant anxiety” (p.1629). Children experience anxiety due to the unknown environment, the absence of their parents, the appearance of needles, and having to be covered with a mask orally. Children tend to feel more anxious, more nervous, and more afraid due to the inability to recognize the medical environment, so since it is an environment that is foreign to them, they look for their dependents. Furthermore, the noncompliance to surgery can postpone the need for surgical repair, anesthesiologists are pressured to turning to sedation medication which should be avoided because it can have on small children’s health. The number one concerning side effect of sedative medication for children is respiratory depression in which the child starts to experience
in decline in the ability to breathe, therefore nonpharmacologic treatment [relaxation techniques] preoperatively is best for reducing anxiety in small children in operation room.
Clinical Question/PICO(T) Development
· Decreasing the stress and anxiety of the child and parents undergoing surgery is extremely important. It could help with the result of the surgery as well as assist with maintaining adequate vitals during surgery. The purpose is to see what interventions could decrease the distress of both the adolescent and guardian prior to surgery compared to those who did not ?

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