Write down an explanation, based on a scientific theory, of why lightning travels through the air. Explain why it is scientific. Then write down a non-scientific explanation of the same phenomenon, and explain why it is non-scientific. Then write down a pseudoscientific explanation of the same phenomenon, and explain why it is pseudoscientific.
2. Write a question appropriate for this exam about the action potential of the human nervous system and a current source of Y amperes. Then answer it. You will be graded on both the appropriateness of the question and the correctness of the answer.
3. An electrical circuit contains a capacitor of Z picofarads and a resistor of X ohms. If the capacitor is fully charged, and then the voltage is interrupted, in how much time will about 95% of its charge be transferred to the resistor? Show your calculations.
4. Referring to Question 3 above, if the resistor is a piece of some unknown substance Y meters long with a cross-sectional area of one square meter, is that substance likely to be a conductor, semiconductor, or insulator? Show your calculations, explain your reasoning, and cite any references you use.
5. For each of (a) and (b) below, write a single grammatically correct sentence containing the words indicated that makes scientific sense. You may use any other words as well including conjunctions; a list of definitions, however, will not receive credit.
(a)
6. Write down the electrostatic force equation and define each letter and symbol in it. Then compute the force between two charged objects of X and Y coulombs respectively if they are at a distance from one another of Z meters. Show your calculations.
7. Referring to the system in Question 6 above, write a question appropriate for this exam involving a calculation of the net electrostatic forces exerted by those two objects on a third object with a charge of 120 coulombs. (The three objects cannot all be in one straight line.) Draw a sketch of the system in the question, labeling the key quantities. Then answer the question.
You will be graded on both the question’s appropriateness and the answer’s correctness.
8. If your cell phone has a battery that can hold X milliampere-hours of charge, how long will the phone continuously operate if it draws 3.5 volts? If necessary, realistically estimate the wattage at which your phone operates – cite any references you use. Show your calculations.
9. Write a 20-40 word paragraph answer to this question: based on your understanding of electric fields, what are three ways that electric power can be generated within the electric field generated by your body? Explain your answer, citing any references you use.
Lastly Write a question appropriate for this exam on a topic that was covered in Lectures 1-12 of this course so far but has not been covered on this exam so far. Then answer that question. You will be graded on both the appropriateness of the question and the correctness of the answer.
X=2023
Y=20.23
Z=59
W=803
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