Part 1) Spanking has had a controversial history as an element of effective child-rearing. Some Scandinavian cultures have found the practice so abhorrent that it has been outlawed as a form of parental discipline. On the other hand, some private schools and many parents believe it is an effective, socially acceptable, parental choice practice for shaping a child’s behavior.
Questions to answer in 1-3 paragraphs (all questions below must be answered or talked about)
1. Given what we know about observational learning, is spanking simply another source of information about aggressive behavior?
2. Given what we know about the effectiveness of punishment versus reinforcement, how does spanking change behavior in the long term and short term?
3. Should this simply be a parental decision, or should there be legislation governing this activity?
4. In particular, does spanking lead children to become more violent?
Part 2) All of the questions below need to be answered as a pair in 1-3 paragraphs as done in the previous questions. This is a discussion thread so answer every question or put input into each question.
1. Eyewitnesses to crimes are not always reliable; they think they remember the facts about an event, yet they make errors. Describe three psychological factors that might account for such errors.
2. If you were a police officer, lawyer, or prosecutor who had the job of interrogating witnesses and you wanted to increase eyewitness accuracy, what are two things you might do?
3. In general, how would a 10-year-old child be a more reliable eyewitness regarding the facts of an event than a 40-year-old adult, and vice versa? Why?
4. We are all eyewitnesses to our own lives, and we are not completely accurate in what we remember. Which of your autobiographical memories do you think might be somewhat distorted or inaccurate? Why?
Part 3)
In Bandura’s social learning experiment with aggression and the Bobo doll, one group of preschool-age children watched a film of an adult playing aggressively with the Bobo doll, and another group of children watched a film of an adult playing calmly with Tinkertoys. Later, the children were led to feelings of frustration by being refused the opportunity to play with their favorite toy. Then the children were given access to the Bobo doll and the Tinkertoys. As predicted, the children modeled the behavior of the adult. Those who witnessed the aggressive model were more aggressive when playing, while those children who witnessed the less aggressive adult playing with the Tinkertoys were less aggressive when playing.
Answer the following question in 1-2 paragraphs. Then below the question respond in a few sentences to the response in quotations. This is a discussion.
1. What are the implications of this study when considering children’s viewing of television and video games? Do you agree with Bandura?
respond in a few sentences to the response in quotations below.
“When considering letting my kids play a certain video game or watch a movie, I will play it and watch it first. Children learn from what is around them. If they see a lot of violence and negativity, they will automatically think it is ok. I agree with Bandura and his prediction. I was not raised around video games and TV shows. My parents did not watch movies or TV shows beyond “Bonanza”. Therefore I did not even know about violent games and shows until I saw and heard my friends talk and play with them. The behaviors, decisions, and what is OK and acceptable heavily depend on their environment.”
Part 4)
Bicultural Identity
Answer the following questions then below the question respond in a few sentences to the response in quotations. this is also a discussion.
1. Educators now agree that minority children should be encouraged to develop a bicultural identity. What are the benefits of this? How might you help a student go about developing this identity?
respond in a few sentences to the response in quotations below.
“Everyone is different and that is what makes us unique. I absolutely think children should be encouraged to be familiar with their own culture and their own identity. Other students can learn so much from people who are different from them and it helps encourage students to embrace their differences and be open minded. Even as adults we learn so much from people who are different from us it helps give understanding to behaviors of others also. I think if we talk about it and encourage the differences children will be less likely to bully but more so to understand one another.”
Part 5) answer the essay questions in 2-4 paragraphs each
1. Briefly explain each of the four major parenting styles identified by Diana Baumrind.
2. Describe Erikson’s fourth stage of psychosocial development, “Industry vs. Inferiority”. Provide examples of both positive and negative outcomes as well as the determining factors.
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