Review Questions Chapter 4 Oceanography – Professor Mey
1. List and describe the characteristics of the four basic types of marine sediment.
2. Describe the process of how a drill ship like the JOIDES Resolution obtains core samples from the deep-ocean floor.
3. How does lithogenous sediment originate?
4. Why is most lithogenous sediment composed of quartz grains? What is the chemical composition of quartz?
5. List the two major chemical compounds of which most biogenous sediment is composed and the organisms that produce them. Sketch these organisms.
6. If siliceous ooze is slowly but constantly dissolving in seawater, how can deposits of siliceous ooze accumulate on the ocean floor?
7. Explain the stages of progression that result in calcareous ooze existing below the CCD.
8. How do oozes differ from abyssal clay? Discuss how productivity, destruction, and dilution combine to determine whether an ooze or abyssal clay will form on the deep-ocean floor.
9. Describe manganese nodules, including what is currently known about how they form.
10. Describe the most common types of cosmogenous sediment and give the probable source of these particles.
11. Describe the K-T event, including evidence for it and its effect on the environment.
12. Why is lithogenous sediment the most common neritic deposit’! Why are biogenous oozes the most common pelagic deposits?
13. How do fecal pellets help explain why the particles found in the ocean surface waters are closely reflected in the particle composition of the sediment directly beneath? Why would one not expect this?
14. Discuss the present importance and the future prospects for tbe production
of petroleum; sand and gravel; phosphorite; and manganese nodules and crusts.
15. What are gas hydrates, where are they found, and why are they important?
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