What does the nurse suspect is the cause of the sudden onset of confusion?

Scenario #1
J.S. is a 78-year-old male patient who is experiencing HF after abdominal surgery. He has received digoxin for the past 4 days and has been progressing favorably. J.S. is usually very alert and entertaining. He is a sports fanatic, and he especially loves football. When the nurse enters the room, the patient is watching a football game on television. The patient asks, “Why are those guys hitting each other and falling on the ground?” The patient is also confused about the date and his location.
What does the nurse suspect is the cause of the sudden onset of confusion?
What laboratory tests does the nurse expect to be ordered? What outcome does the nurse expect?
Scenario #2
L.R. has been prescribed a Medrol pack as part of treatment of bronchitis. He notices that the dosage of the medication decreases. He asks the nurse during why it is prescribed this way.
What is the rationale for tapering the dosage?
What are other indications for this medication?
What are the adverse effects and contraindications for this medication?
Later, L.R. complains of a nagging, productive cough with thick green sputum.
Which medication would be prescribed for his cough? Explain your answer.
Scenario #3
The nurse is teaching a group of patients about the use of bronchodilators.
Discuss the various types of bronchodilators and when they are indicated?
What adverse effects should the nurse include in this teaching?

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