What are the macroscopic and microscopic features/changes of the brain that are typical in Alzheimer disease?

Ella is 88 years old and was living at home until very recently. Her children, who visited her regularly, noticed that she was becoming more forgetful. At first, she misplaced objects, and then she began to forget her doctor’s appointments. With time, her personality changed, and she became withdrawn. At home, she would forget to turn off the stove or leave the kettle on until it boiled dry. After seeking advice from a gerontologist and social worker, Ella’s children placed her in a nursing home with a unit equipped for patients with Alzheimer disease.
1: What are the macroscopic and microscopic features/changes of the brain that are typical in Alzheimer disease?

Question 2:
One of Ella’s children brought her new pair of slippers to wear in the nursing home. A minute after she received them, Ella could not remember the exchange and asked what they were doing on her bed. What part of the brain has largely been affected to produce this behavior, and what is the pathophysiology involved?

This scenario applies to question 3-4.
Melissa is a healthy, active 51-year-old who teaches at a martial arts club. Twice a week, she takes lessons in Tae Kwon Do, and on the weekends, she participates in local competitions. At her last competition, Melissa was paired with a skilled participant from another club. Her rival threw her to the mat. Melissa heard a snap, followed by instant pain in her left forearm. Radiographs at the local hospital confirmed that she suffered a transverse fracture of the distal aspect of her left ulna.
Question 3:
What are the typical signs and symptoms of a fracture? Why shortly after the injury does the pain temporarily subside?

Question 4:
As an Advanced Practice Nurse, explain how a hematoma forms, and what function does it serve in the process of healing a fracture?

Question 5:
Lindsey was playing a game of pick-up ice hockey when Tom fell and slammed into her legs. She now presents to your clinic with a chief complaint of knee pain. After a close examination, you suspect a meniscus injury. How would you come to this conclusion? What are other injuries are you suspicious of? Describe your examination, diagnosis, and treatment plan.

Question 6:
Describe the pain mechanism and pathway in detail. Using your description how might the Advanced Practice Nurse treat pain using multiple modalities?

Question 7:
As an Advanced Practice Nurse, how would you explain the etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment for Myasthenia Gravis?

Question 8:
As an Advanced Practice Nurse giving an in-service to new Advanced Practice Nurses in the Emergency Department, how would you explain the pathophysiology of Guillain–Barré Syndrome? What are the clinical manifestations and treatment modalities?

Question 9:
Jane is diagnosed with Parkinson Disease. Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations of this disease.

Question 10:
Bob presents to your primary care office with his wife. After speaking with both you determine, Bob hallucinates of his deceased mother, incomprehensible speech, delusions, and disorganized behavior. What are your differentials? What is the most likely diagnosis? What is your holistic, comprehensive treatment plan?

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