What role does China play in the rare earth element market?

From S&P Global Marketing March 15, 2022:
https://www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-insights/latest-news-headlines/russian-invasion-of-ukraine-may-drive-eu-back-to-china-as-source-for-rare-earths-69217025

From Columbia Center on Global Energy Policy, April 19, 2022:
https://www.energypolicy.columbia.edu/research/commentary/supply-critical-minerals-amid-russia-ukraine-war-and-possible-sanctions

Questions
What role does China play in the rare earth element market? How is Russia’s war on Ukraine impacting the rare earth metal market? What is the US doing to begin managing the challenge? How much more needs to be done to ensure domestic supply?

The Chemistry Connection
What are three rare earth elements used in cell phones and where are they found on the planet? Where are they found on the periodic table? What is the difference between a “light” and “heavy” rare earth element? Are rare earth elements really rare?

Write your paper using complete sentences and paragraphs. You will need to have at least four references and they must be referenced according to the guidelines established in the week 1 assignment. Essays without references will receive zero points. The essay should be 700-800 words.

This assignment is worth “50” points. Please refer to the grading rubric.

Paper format for Assignments in CHEM 1040

The assignments are described as “papers”, but they are not intended to be traditional essays such as those you did for English classes. Each assignment has questions that need to be answered. You should use references when answering questions, but there is also room for you to express your own thoughts. Below is the general format for all assignments.

Introduction: Each paper should start with 2-3 sentences of overview of the topic.

Answers to questions: You can answer each question in a separate paragraph or you can address more than one question in a paragraph.

The Chemistry Connection: Each paper requires you answer questions under the Chemistry Connection. To answer some of these questions, you may need to write out chemical equations or formulas. You do not need to include these within sentences.

Conclusion: Each paper should end with a conclusion paragraph to wrap things up.

References: Each paper needs at least 4 references. Most assignments include 2-3 references that you can use. If you use those, then you need to find your own additional references to make up to the total of 4. Your textbook can be used as a reference. Be sure to consider the source of the reference when citing them. You can format your references in whatever formatting method you prefer (APA, MLA, Chicago, etc).
Papers MUST have references in order to receive credit.
1. All your references must be listed on a separate page at the end of your paper. The word “References” should be centered at the top of that page.
2. List your references in the order you used them and number them 1, 2, 3, …
3. Cite the references in your essay by using the number in parentheses at the end of a sentence or paragraph.
Example: Your sentence or paragraph containing paraphrased information from source three.(3) You can also use multiple references like this. (1,3,4)
4: You must have enough information in your reference so that the source can be identified and located. All web sources must contain the complete web address.
Examples:
For Books: author, title, publisher, city of publication, year of publication, page numbers
For internet sites: author, title of page, full internet site address, date last updated, date you accessed the page.
Reference: The ACS Style Guide: A Manual for Authors and Editors, Dodd, Janet S., Ed.; The American Chemical Society: Washington D.C.; 1986;p106-114.

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