Every important activity in a value stream should be measured, resulting in variable data. A line chart is a common tool used to monitor these measurements over time. For a line chart, the value stream measurement is displayed according to the Y axis and the time/sequence is displayed on the X axis. The X Axis must be a measure of time of sequence (e.g. sample number).
A histogram is a tool to graphically display the frequency of the variable data measurements without regard for time. For a histogram, the variable data measurements are displayed on the X axis and the frequency of the measurements, according to dimensional categories, are displayed on the Y axis. The histogram is not the same as a Pareto chart. The book does not provide very much information about the histogram. A correct description of histogram, also called a frequency distribution chart, can be found at http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/statdesc.php (Links to an external site.), under the subheading section title The Distribution, and including Tables 1 and 2.
Here is the Assignment:
First, choose option A or B below. Then do steps 1, 2, and 3.
A. Choosing some business process activity which is measured and with which you are familiar, obtain at least 12 sequential data points.
B. As a way of simulating a business process, create 20 paper airplanes of the same design. The process objective is to maximize flight time. Enlist a helper; one person flies the planes and the second person times the flights in seconds using the stopwatch function on a smart phone, resulting in 20 data points.
1. Create a line chart and make a comment about the performance. Line chart resources are provided in the Week 1 module. The Excel steps are:
a. Select data
b. Select Insert
c. Select Recommended Charts
d. Select 3rd chart down
2. Create a histogram and make a comment about the performance. The Excel steps are :
a. Select data
b. Select Insert
c. Select Insert Statistics Chart
d. Select Histogram Chart
3. Create a cause-and-effect diagram, brainstorming the potential cause and effects related to the process that you analyzed. If you selected option B, brainstorm the potential causes of deficient flight time. Deficient flight time is the quality problem. If you selected option A, then brainstorm the potential causes that might influence the metirc that you analyzed with steps 1 and 2. You can use any mode you choose to create the diagram (Excel, Powerpoint, hand drawn, etc).
As is described in the General Discussion Forum Instructions (see General Module), you will need to insert the Quality Tools images (line chart, histogram, cause-and-effect diagram) directly into your DQ reply so that everyone is able to see your image posted adjacent to your text narrative. Simply attaching your files to your discussion post is not sufficient because it is very cumbersome to continually open multiple files, and that impedes the flow of the discussion. Excel data, graphs, and tables and other images can be inserted using the Rich Content Editor tool in Canvas. A video describing this process can be accessed in the General Discussion Forum Instructions.
https://conjointly.com/kb/descriptive-statistics/
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