Write as paper on Fordham and Ogbu (1986) and Tyson (2003)

The articles we read by Fordham and Ogbu (1986) and Tyson (2003) present strikingly different accounts of student motivation. In Fordham and Ogbu’s argument, students’ peers are primarily responsible for creating an “oppositional culture” that discourages student achievement. In Tyson’s account, some teachers are responsible for undervaluing the work of minority students, thereby discouraging students as an “unintended consequence” of their teaching practice. What do you think of these accounts?
If you think one of these two accounts is stronger, explain why.
If you think both accounts are wrong, explain why and any alternative hypothesis which you have.
If you think both accounts are important, explain how the two dynamics work together, reinforce one another, or otherwise overlap.

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