Racism is a belief that real or alleged traits of one race establish its superiority over another or others. In modern times racism is often quite subtle, toned down.

Please reas below is a summary of Chapter 9 Racism: A Persistent American Presennce and Chapter 10 Women’s Oppression Sexism and Intersectionality

Chapter 9

Racism is a belief that real or alleged traits of one race establish its superiority over another or others. In modern times racism is often quite subtle, toned down. A distinction exists between individual and institutional racism. Individual racism is a person’s or group’s action that produces racial abuse. Institutional racism, unlike individual racism, is not an immediate racist action but a collective response. Institutional racism refers to the discriminatory racial practices built into organizations and groups within the political, economic, and educational systems. Racism affects social stratification. Clearly the scope and impact of racism have been extensive in American society. Historically African Americans and Native Americans were the two most prominent victims of racism. European, Asian, and Hispanic immigrants, however, also suffered discriminatory treatment. Open, defiant racism is less common today, and yet many modern policies incorporate racist oppression, with urban-renewal projects in numerous cities serving as cases in point.

Chapter 10

This chapter discusses the sexist conditions that have prevailed through the American centuries. It describes major sources of sexism and explains intersectionality, revealing the impact on women of two or more influential statuses. Sexism is hardly just a condition on the job. In fact, it often exists throughout women’s life experiences. Entrenched in schools, among peers, and in families, it is hardly surprising that sexism also thrives in the media. Sexism in the media is apparent in two ways—in traditionally stereotyped representations and in male/female differences in participation. These two discriminations undermine both women’s images and their opportunities in such key domains as schooling and employment. Sexism persists, with the family, peers, schools and the hidden curriculum, and the mass media all exerting influence. The preference among leaders in management for advancing whites, particularly white men, is a portion of the “profound invisibility” that often accompanies intersectionality.

See assignment below…

Alternative Perspectives: Acknowledge critical responses to assigned readings. Describe an alternative perspective from one presented in the text. This can, but does not have to, be a view that you personally agree with. Cite at least one source (peer-reviewed OR popular) presenting another view**. (**Students often lose substantial amounts of points here for failing to follow this instruction.**)

The assigned reading are summarized above…

Please cite peer-reviewed source or popluar source used

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