What was the state of African societies before European imperialism?

How did colonialism/imperialism leave Africa in a state of underdevelopment?
After reading Walter Rodney’s How Europe Undeveloped Africa, write an essay, at least 800 words, on what you learned from the book. Your essay should cover the full scope of the book and give specific examples of what you learned, but it does not have to address every detail.
What was the state of African societies before European imperialism?
How did the slave trade affect Africa?
How did colonialism affect Africa?
How was European wealth and power based on the exploitation of Africa?
How did imperialism leave Africa in a state of underdevelopment?
What challenges did the history of imperialism and underdevelopment create for newly independent African countries in the 1960s? (This last question is not covered in depth by the book, so your answer might be more speculative, but it’s helpful preparation for the rest of the semester.)

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