Ndeye F Sarr
PICOT questions are used for nursing decision making. But
research nursing starts with a problem that needs to be solved. PICOT questions
are related most of the time to diagnoses and the kind of therapy used to solve
that specific problem. PICOT questions are comparisons between interventions
used on a certain group of people. These questions are composed of the
demographic variable, the dependent variable, the hypothesis, the independent
variable, the problem stated and the research problem. Data is collected and
analyzed and used to find solutions. Questions are formulated to search for
evidence based information to choose important patients outcomes. The question
must be related to the group of the relevant patients who have the same issues,
or characteristics. What are the strategies used to intervene or manage the
problem. What strategies or other interventions can be used to control or
compare the one used. What are the outcomes or consequences of the strategies?
What is the time or period and what kind of studies are available to find
information needed to solve the problems. In the article, What is
your research question? An introduction to the PICOT format for
clinicians, the authors stated that
“…to
develop a strong research question framed in the PICOT format, it is an
important basis to understand both the clinical area of investigation and the
current literature that exists” Riva, J. J., Malik, K. M., Burnie, S. J.,
Endicott, A. R., & Busse, J. W. (2012).
Some
PICOT example questions are, is legalizing Marijuana profitable for all cancer
patients or to everyone in general? Can turning a patient every two hours help
reduce pressure ulcers on older adults or all bed bound patients? Does raising
the head of the bed on high fowler’s help prevent aspiration on patients with
high stroke conditions or all trauma patients?
For
research, a topic is chosen by the researcher depending on point of interest,
then try to find what kind of studies was done and what can be found to be
added to the information to make it more useful and more reliable through
Evidence Based-Practice. New ideas can come up when searching for topics. The
researchers have to think outside of the box. Find which information is used on
that previous research and which method was applied. Which items and
information are needed to be included in the research question. In the
article, Literature review as a research methodology: An overview
and guidelines, the author stated that
”
the researcher might identify a topic of interest and then review the nursing
research literature to determine which kinds of studies have been done in that
area. Seeing how other researchers have approached a problem can often spark
new ideas, or perhaps point to new studies that would benefit from replication” Snyder,
H. (2019).
Some
examples of research questions are:
Acute/Chronic
Renal Insufficiency nursing interventions, treatment and preventive strategies.
Infants
diabetes. An association caused by genetics or nutrition. Anorexia, changes in
how the brain functions and behavior. Asthma in children, diagnosis and
monitoring
Shamar
Joiner
The problem I identify in nursing is Infection control in the
hospitals. Health care-associated infections (HAIs) are infections that
patients acquire at the hospital or an healthcare setting. HAIs are one of the
top leading causes of death in the United States hospitals and healthcare
environment. Nurses have many roles and responsibilities, maintaining a
clean hospital environment is one of them. Nurses play a crucial role to prevent
patient illness in the hospital. The nurse prevent the spread of infection
such-as MRSA, CAUTIs, bloodstream infection, and pneumonia by using
implementing evidence-base infection control approach. ” Infection control precautions are a set of standard recommendations used
to reduce the risk of transmission of infectious agents from body fluids or
environmental surfaces that contain infectious agents” (MN health
department, 2019). This includes wearing the proper PPE to
protect the nurse and patients. Barrier precautions to keep people safe from
infected patients. Nurses washing their hands correctly and educate patients on
the proper way to preform hand hygiene. Something as simple as hand hygiene can
help avert the spread of infection. “Handwashing is one of the most effective ways to halt the
spread of illness. The best way to wash your hands is with water, soap, and
friction by rubbing them together’ (Myocarditis Foundation, 2020).
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