What are the 2 types of bonds and how are they different?
Ionic bonds are a trading relationship while covalent bonds are a sharing relationship. Ionic bonds happen when one of the atoms of one element loses a valence electron(s) and the atom of another element gains that valence electron(s). Covalent bonds happen when nonmetal atoms share their electrons to make a noble gas arrangement.
Explain how you can determine the charge of an ion from the periodic table.
The periodic table can tell us the charge of the ion based on the group. Metals in Group 1A, Group 2A, and Group 3A are positive as they lose an electron. Electrons are negatively charged so once one is lost; the charge becomes positive. Nonmetals in Group 5A, Group 6A, and Group 7A on the periodic table are going to be negative as they readily accept one or more valence electrons to form ions in ionic compounds.
What are the rules for naming ionic compounds?
When writing ionic compounds, we must follow a few rules. To start with, we must remember the name of the metal is listed first and is the same name as the element. The next step is add the nonmetal name once the ending has been changed to -ide and to place a space between the two elemental names. For example, if we have an ionic compound between a sodium atom and a fluorine atom, we would be lect with sodium fluoride. We see the sodium name stayed the same, we spaced the words, and changed the ending of fluorine from -ine to ide.
Explain why molecules form covalent bonds.
Covalent bonds occur when two or more atoms share their valence electrons. With that knowledge, we understand the reason that molecules form covalent bonds is that molecules are formed when two or more atoms share electrons. Therefore, molecules occur when covalent bonds form.
Which is the most electronegative element and in which direction does the trend of electronegativity increase?
The most electronegative element is fluorine. The trends of electronegativity on the periodic table is that it increases across the periods from left to right. It also increases from the bottom to the top of the periodic table.
What is bond polarity and what value of electronegativity difference is used to determine bond type?
Bond polarity occurs when a nonmetal atom is unequally sharing electrons and that causes a moderate electronegative differ. To determine the bond type based on electronegativity values we know that a value between 0-0.4 is it nonpolar covalent. Values between 0.5-1.8 are polar covalent and values greater than 1.8 are ionic bonds.
What does VESPR stand for and what are the 5 molecular shapes that are possible?
VESPR stands for Valence Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion theory. This theory describes the placement of electron groups based around the central atom. The five molecular shapes that VESPR describes as possible are: linear, trigonal planar, bent, trigonal pyramidal, and tetrahedral.
How can we determine if a molecule is polar?
We have two steps in determining is a molecule is polar. Step 1 Determine if the bonds are polar covalent or nonpolar covalent and from there we determine if the bonds are covalent, we will draw the Lewis structure to see if the dipoles cancel.
What are the 3 intermolecular forces and which one is the strongest?
The three different types of intermolecular forces are: Dispersion Forces, Dipole-Dipole Attractions, and Hydrogen bonds. Of these three types of bonds, the hydrogen bonds are the strongest.
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