What problems do they face as the Western empires come to compete with them?

The empires of 1900 are very different from the Empires of 1500. The highest standard of living in the world in 1500 was in the Middle East and Asia, yet by 1900, it’s now in Western Europe. Why? Trace the developments of this shift from 1500 to 1900. How and why did the societies in the Middle East and Asia lose the high standard of living that they had? How do their empires change and why? What problems do they face as the Western empires come to compete with them? How do they change the nature of colonization for Western European empires and why?

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