What are the main conclusions from the articles by Nincic and by Kupchan/Trubowitz on the impact of various interest groups on US foreign policy?

Have lobby/special interest groups affected the making of US foreign policy? What are the main conclusions from the articles by Nincic and by Kupchan/Trubowitz on the impact of various interest groups on US foreign policy?

Public Opinion and the Media:
US public opinion on foreign affairs has been described as ‘inattentive, uninformed, and volatile’. Can public inattention and ignorance be an advantage for policy-makers or is this ultimately an obstacle to crafting complex policies? How has the media (and changes over time in the organization of the media) affected public knowledge and opinions about US foreign policy? Has this been positive or negative for US foreign policy-makers? What can we learn from the example of the Iraq war (Western) about the intersection of public opinion, the media and foreign policy?

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