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Exerpt review:
You have studied pre-Columbian cultures and the impact of connecting the Old and New worlds. You have studied why people came to the colonies (some of their own free will and others not) and the squabbling of the Old World Powers. All this happened in a place known as the Atlantic World. The Atlantic World consists of all those places touching the Atlantic Ocean from Africa to England, the Caribbean, the American Colonies, and more. Swirling around this Atlantic world, as you have learned, were ideas, technologies, trade, armies, navies, people, and more. It was the highway of the age. think about what you have read and truly think about our foundations going all the way back to pre-Columbian societies and then all the events in Europe and what it was to be in one of the 13 colonies, which were very diverse and should give you many things to work with. Post your thoughts, support them with research and sources, and post your citations. For the citation I will add it myself.
For this essay, please provide (3 to 4 ideologies), cultures, events, and/or technologies, etc., that you believe were foundational to the evolution from pre-colonial to colonial society. In other words, on what foundations were the colonial societies built?
Student Essay Example: One of the first and most crucial pre-colonial events was Christopher Columbus’ first letter after returning to Spain, which detailed his voyage to the American continent. This letter was addressed to King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella and described the lack of opposition and weapons among the inhabitants there. His letter, which was spread widely throughout Europe for several years, made the Indians appear generous and agreeable, which promoted the idea that Spain could easily conquer all of the land there. He also described the land with such admiration, beauty, and fertility that made it seem like a dream come true for many readers, especially with his mention of plentiful “gold and metals” in Hispana (gilderlehrman.org). His descriptions made Europeans want to travel to and settle in America in search of a better life by escaping the famine and over-crowding in Europe at the time. Without Christopher Columbus’ letter, many Europeans would not have known about nor been enticed into travelling to inhabit this New World. This first mission also marked the beginning of the Columbian Exchange.
The Columbian Exchange was the transfer of people, animals, food, and microorganisms across the Atlantic from Europe to America and vice versa. The most devastating result of this process was the transfer of smallpox and other diseases, such as measles, rubella, and influenza from Europeans to the Native Americans who had never been exposed and thus had no immunity to these viruses. This caused a massive casualty of many Indians over a relatively short period of time. “Historians have estimated that between 80 and 95 percent of them were decimated within the first 100-150 years after 1492” (history.com). Native Americans likely would have had a better chance at fighting the Europeans off their lands if this deadly exchange hadn’t happened and killed a huge majority of them. Fighting amongst different Indian tribes, such as in the Incan and Aztec empires, also contributed to the success of European colonists in America because it eliminated even more competition between the Spaniards and the Native Americans.
Lastly, the most significant foundation in developing colonial societies was the use of indentured slaves and African slaves. Because creating lives in a new country is incredibly labor-intensive, Europeans relied on the use of the slave trade so they could grow tobacco, cotton, and sugar, which allowed them to trade for other things they needed. Without this huge work force, in which millions of African slaves were forced to come to America, Europeans likely wouldn’t have succeeded in the New World. The Europeans justified the enslavement of Africans by considering them non-Christians and eventually, starting in Virginia in 1662, slavery was officially tied to race as any child born from a slave mother in their colony inherited enslavement as well (pbs.org).One of the first and most crucial pre-colonial events was Christopher Columbus’ first letter after returning to Spain, which detailed his voyage to the American continent.
This letter was addressed to King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella and described the lack of opposition and weapons among the inhabitants there. His letter, which was spread widely throughout Europe for several years, made the Indians appear generous and agreeable, which promoted the idea that Spain could easily conquer all of the land there. He also described the land with such admiration, beauty, and fertility that made it seem like a dream come true for many readers, especially with his mention of plentiful “gold and metals” in Hispana (gilderlehrman.org). His descriptions made Europeans want to travel to and settle in America in search of a better life by escaping the famine and over-crowding in Europe at the time. Without Christopher Columbus’ letter, many Europeans would not have known about nor been enticed into travelling to inhabit this New World. This first mission also marked the beginning of the Columbian Exchange.
The Columbian Exchange was the transfer of people, animals, food, and microorganisms across the Atlantic from Europe to America and vice versa. The most devastating result of this process was the transfer of smallpox and other diseases, such as measles, rubella, and influenza from Europeans to the Native Americans who had never been exposed and thus had no immunity to these viruses. This caused a massive casualty of many Indians over a relatively short period of time. “Historians have estimated that between 80 and 95 percent of them were decimated within the first 100-150 years after 1492” (history.com). Native Americans likely would have had a better chance at fighting the Europeans off their lands if this deadly exchange hadn’t happened and killed a huge majority of them. Fighting amongst different Indian tribes, such as in the Incan and Aztec empires, also contributed to the success of European colonists in America because it eliminated even more competition between the Spaniards and the Native Americans.
Lastly, the most significant foundation in developing colonial societies was the use of indentured slaves and African slaves. Because creating lives in a new country is incredibly labor-intensive, Europeans relied on the use of the slave trade so they could grow tobacco, cotton, and sugar, which allowed them to trade for other things they needed. Without this huge work force, in which millions of African slaves were forced to come to America, Europeans likely wouldn’t have succeeded in the New World. The Europeans justified the enslavement of Africans by considering them non-Christians and eventually, starting in Virginia in 1662, slavery was officially tied to race as any child born from a slave mother in their colony inherited enslavement as well (pbs.org).One of the first and most crucial pre-colonial events was Christopher Columbus’ first letter after returning to Spain, which detailed his voyage to the American continent. This letter was addressed to King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella and described the lack of opposition and weapons among the inhabitants there. His letter, which was spread widely throughout Europe for several years, made the Indians appear generous and agreeable, which promoted the idea that Spain could easily conquer all of the land there. He also described the land with such admiration, beauty, and fertility that made it seem like a dream come true for many readers, especially with his mention of plentiful “gold and metals” in Hispana (gilderlehrman.org). His descriptions made Europeans want to travel to and settle in America in search of a better life by escaping the famine and over-crowding in Europe at the time. Without Christopher Columbus’ letter, many Europeans would not have known about nor been enticed into travelling to inhabit this New World. This first mission also marked the beginning of the Columbian Exchange.
The Columbian Exchange was the transfer of people, animals, food, and microorganisms across the Atlantic from Europe to America and vice versa. The most devastating result of this process was the transfer of smallpox and other diseases, such as measles, rubella, and influenza from Europeans to the Native Americans who had never been exposed and thus had no immunity to these viruses. This caused a massive casualty of many Indians over a relatively short period of time. “Historians have estimated that between 80 and 95 percent of them were decimated within the first 100-150 years after 1492” (history.com). Native Americans likely would have had a better chance at fighting the Europeans off their lands if this deadly exchange hadn’t happened and killed a huge majority of them. Fighting amongst different Indian tribes, such as in the Incan and Aztec empires, also contributed to the success of European colonists in America because it eliminated even more competition between the Spaniards and the Native Americans.
Lastly, the most significant foundation in developing colonial societies was the use of indentured slaves and African slaves. Because creating lives in a new country is incredibly labor-intensive, Europeans relied on the use of the slave trade so they could grow tobacco, cotton, and sugar, which allowed them to trade for other things they needed. Without this huge work force, in which millions of African slaves were forced to come to America, Europeans likely wouldn’t have succeeded in the New World. The Europeans justified the enslavement of Africans by considering them non-Christians and eventually, starting in Virginia in 1662, slavery was officially tied to race as any child born from a slave mother in their colony inherited enslavement as well (pbs.org).
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