“ ‘Are we Arabs one big lie?’ This line ends a poem of anguish written in the midst of the 1991 Gulf crisis by Nizar Qabbani, (then) the most widely read Arab poet and Page 14 critic… Too much had gone wrong to sustain exclamation points of awakening and defiance; they were replaced by a question mark of doubt… It had been called Arabism, or Arab nationalism, or pan-Arabism, and by the time Qabbani posed his question, it had been in full retreat for a generation.” Evaluate and assess this perspective, and whether it also has validity as an assessment of ‘Arab Nationalism’ today. Do so with specific reference to pertinent examples of your choice.
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