Identify four of the terms (5 points each). In four or five sentences: 1) give an approximate date/time period for the term 2) identify it and 3) explain its historical significance, e.g. how it “fits” into a larger historical context. Think of the big questions: when? where? who or what? why?

HIST 371 Apartheid & Freedom in South Africa
Summer 2021 Mid-Term Examination
Section I: Identifications (20 points)

Identify four of the terms (5 points each). In four or five sentences: 1) give an approximate date/time period for the term 2) identify it and 3) explain its historical significance, e.g. how it “fits” into a larger historical context. Think of the big questions: when? where? who or what? why?

Cape of Good Hope
VOC
Boers
Shaka
mfecane
Great Trek
Section II: Short Answer Questions (30 points each x 2 = 60 points)
In a few paragraphs, respond to the prompts below in a paragraph or two. You must incorporate materials from the corresponding lecture and other readings in order to receive full credit for the answer. Remember to identify the sources by name and use specific examples from them. Provide a page number when available.
1. From the Journal of Jan van Riebeeck:
31 October 1657: “The Commander [Jan van Riebeeck] spent the day entertaining the Saldanhars [a Khoikhoi tribe from the interior] and questioning them about various things through the medium of a certain girl, aged 15 or 16, and by us called Eva, who has been in the service of the Commander’s wife from the beginning and is now living here permanently and is beginning to speak Dutch well.”
21 June 1658: “Fine weather with N.W. breeze. The freeman Jan Reijnierssen came to complain early in the morning that during the night all his male and female slaves had run away, taking with them 3 or 4 blankets, clothing, rice, tobacco, etc. We thereupon called the new interpreter Doman, now called Anthony1, who had returned from Batavia with the Hon. Cuneus, and asked him why the Hottentots would not search for the runaway slaves, to which he coolly replied that he did not know. The Commander, not trusting him, then called the interpreter Eva alone into his office and privately asked her whether our blacks were not being harboured by the Hottentots. On this she asked whether such was the Commander’s opinion, and being answered in the affirmative, she (speaking good Dutch) said these words, namely: “I tell you straight out, Mijnheer Van Riebeeck, Doman is no good. He told the Hottentots everything that was said in Mijnheer’s room the day before yesterday. When I told him that it was wrong to do so, he replied: ‘I am a Hottentot and not a Dutchman, but you, Eva, try to curry favour with the Commander, etc.’” She added: “Mijnheer, I also believe that the Fat Captain of the Kaapmans harbours the slaves.” On being asked what the chief would do with the slaves, Eva replied: “He will present them to the Cochoquas to retain their friendship, and they in turn will deliver the slaves to the Hancumquas living far from here and cultivating the soil in which they grow daccha [also dagga, of the cannabis family], a dry herb which the Hottentots chew, which makes them drunk and which they highly esteem.”

23 September 1658: “The interpreters Doman, or Anthonij, and Eva wished to visit their friends and asked for some copper, iron, beads, tobacco, bread, and brandy as a reward for their services as interpreters, and presents for her mother and their friends and all the natives whom they, especially Eva, would visit, to induce them to bring a larger number of cattle, as well as young horses, tusks, civet, amber, seed pearls (of which they were shown and given samples) and hides to the eland, hart, steenbuck, etc. They promised to do their best and hoped that we would soon see the fruits of their efforts; toward evening they thanked us politely and gratefully in good Dutch words for the presents they had received. They then left. When Eva reached the matted hut of Doman, also known as Anthonij, outside the fort, she at once dressed herself in the hides again and sent her clothes home. She intended to put them on again when she returned to the Commander’s wife, promising, however, that she would in the meantime not forget the Lord God, Whom she had learnt to know in the Commander’s house; she would always think of Him and endeavour to learn, etc.”
26 January 1661: “The interpreter Eva has remained behind to live in the Commander’s house again, laying aside her skins and adopting once more the Indian way of dressing. She will resume her services as an interpreter. She seems to have grown tired of her own people again; in these vacillations we let her follow her own will so that we may get the better service from her. But she appears to have become already so accustomed to the Dutch diet and way of life that she will never be able to give it up completely.
In what ways was Eva/Krotoa a woman suspended between cultures? How is this representative of the colonial encounter more generally?
Look for evidence of Krotoa’s/Eva’s adoption of European culture and/or continued practice of African culture. Think about context in her performance of culture (does she act differently around different people?). How do you understand/explain her choices? What are the benefits and challenges of being “stuck” in between two cultures?
2. Considering the course lectures and readings, briefly analyze African politics in the period that we’ve covered so far. By your estimation, what are the different means/brands by which Africans mobilized politics. How did African politics change over this period? How did the introduction and increasing influence/encroachment of people of European descent inform their politics?
You can think about straight-up rebellion/revolt (or violence in response to European violence); the continued role of African/tribal politics (e.g. “tribes” — we will see a resurgence of such politics shortly); the role of missionary and Western-inspired education (e.g. Dube’s industrial school).
Nota Bene: Please type your exam and submit it electronically using Safe Assign from our Blackboard course site. The exam is by Thursday, 8 July at 11:59 pm. Use 11- or 12-point Times New Roman font and 1”
YOU MUST WRITE THIS EXAM USING ONLY MATERIALS ASSIGNED FOR THE COURSE. DO NOT USE WIKIPEDIA OR OTHER OUTSIDE SOURCES. IDENTIFY MATERIAL FROM THE TEXTBOOKS AND OTHER READINGS WITH A PARENTHETICAL CITATION (McKinnon, 189). WRITE THIS EXAM IN YOUR OWN WORDS.

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