Population Dynamics

Module 2: Population Dynamics
Classmate 1: Ticdankay Daramy:

The Hispanic community
The Hispanic community is the fastest-growing community among the minority populations in the U.S. According to the U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: the United States, 2021, the U.S. Hispanic population reached over 61 million people in 2019, up from 50.7 million in 2010, with 45.8% of the total Hispanic population being female. With a shifting cluster of populations including the Mexicans, Spanish, Caribbean, Puerto Rican, Cuban, and Central, and South American, the Hispanic population is richly diverse and a rapidly changing segment of the U.S. community, making it a dynamic population. The rapid growth of this community can be attributed to the fact that it is considered younger than an aging community with a median of 29 years, making its potential future growth greater.
For this population, the population pyramid could depict a growing population in which there are more young people than adults. From this, the Hispanic population is more likely to increase for a while. In addition, with the number of children per woman likely to be high, more women seem to be out of employment or at home. Therefore, as the population grows steadily, more schools and ultimately more housing will be required. However, most Hispanics remain poorly educated, with 70.5% of Hispanics having a high school diploma than 93.3% of the Non-Hispanic whites. In 2019, the unemployment rate among the Hispanic population was 5.1% compared to 3.7% of Non-Hispanic white (Society, 2021). Unfortunately, 18.7% of the Hispanic population remain uninsured compared to 6.3% of Non-Hispanic Whites.
Since Hispanic health is often shaped by lack of access to preventive care, lack of health insurance, and cultural barriers, Hispanics are disproportionately affected by Heart disease. According to the CDC, 30% of Hispanic men and women were less likely to die from heart disease than non-Hispanic whites in 2018 (Heart Disease and Hispanic Americans, 2021). Therefore, we can utilize multifaceted patient lifestyle modification programs that incorporate physical activity and dietary modifications to improve the health of this Hispanic population.
References
Heart Disease and Hispanic Americans. (2021, February 11). Retrieved from Office of Minority Health Resource Center: https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.aspx?lvl=4&lvlid=64
Society. (2021, January 20). Retrieved from Statista: https://www.statista.com/statistics/259812/hispanic-population-of-the-us-by-sex-and-age/#statisticContainer
U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: United States. (2021, June 14). Retrieved from U.S. Census Bureau: https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/RHI725219
Classmate 2 Tracy:

Describe the population of your community: gender, race, age
According to the United States Census Bureau, in 2019 the population of Atlanta, Georgia was 506,811 Although the Atlanta-metro area is several million, within the Atlanta city limits is much smaller. Females make up a slightly higher percentage than males, at 51.5%. The ages include 5.4% under 5 years old, 18.3% under age 18, 64.8% from 19-64, and 11.5% over age 65. Whites are 40.9%, Blacks are 51%, Asian are 4.4%, Hispanic are 4.3%, and the remaining include all other races (Census.gov, 2019).
The population is dynamic. This is caused by individuals moving in and out of the Atlanta area for education, employment, family, and social reasons.
Look at the last 100 years to determine trends that have been occurring.
Atlanta had a population of just over 89,000 in 1900, which then increased to 302,288 in 1940.
What would the pyramid look like for your population? The trend included a drop in the population size leading to the 1990’s, but since that time has steadily increased. (My graph wouldn’t upload), so to describe it, the trend included the population increase in all areas except for the mentioned 1990 period.
The four factors associated with community health assessments are:
A community health assessment involves assessment , planning , investment, implementation, and evaluation of the community and the needs of the community.
The first is to identify the area in most need of improvement, then create a strategic plan and a quality improvement plan, followed by an assessment and gathering data from a wide variety of health, wellness and community and environmental sources to implement changes within the community.
How do these factors impact your community?
Atlanta area according to the Georgia Department of Health has the most important health issues including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and an increase in low birthweight. Also, lung injuries are increasing due to vaping habits, opioid addictions and overdoses continue to be a major problem throughout the area. In addition, according to the Georgia Department of health, infectious disease problems such as HIV, salmonella, E. coli, and measles continue to be a problem of interest in the area.
Can you recommend interventions that could improve the health or have improved the health of your community? Interventions of improved awareness and improved education are programs and in progress that seem to be the best source in lowering the incidence of many of the diseases, especially infectious diseases. For example, Georgia has numerous programs for HIV education and assistance as well as opioid education, treatment, and assistance programs.
References:
Atlanta, Georgia Population 2021. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://worldpopulationreview.com/us-cities/atlanta-ga-population
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018, July 24). CDC – Assessment and Plans – Community Health Assessment – STLT Gateway. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/publichealthgateway/cha/plan.html#two.
Friis, R. H., & Sellers, T. A. (2021). In Epidemiology for public health practice (pp. 8–36). essay, Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Module 2: Statistical Article Review
Classmate 1 Carol:

Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Smoking Prevention Programs for Young Adolescents
Most smoking begins in the adolescent years. This poses an increase in lifelong detriments to health including but not limited to cardiovascular disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cancer, and death. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the most effective prevention methods for adolescents for immediate and long term smoking prevention and/or cessation.
The population for the purpose of this study is adolescent children. These children range from the fourth grade to the seventh grade, ages 10 to 14. Adolescents who were pregnant, with psychological disorders, emotional disorders, and developmental delays were excluded.
The systematic review and meta analysis was aimed to objectively analyze the effect of a smoking prevention program aimed at stopping smoking behaviors in adolescents. The results of the meta-analysis of 23 studies with randomized control trials (RCT) showed that smoking prevention programs reduced smoking behaviors in adolescents. High intensity school based programs were shown to be most effective. The effect sizes in this trial were small so results may be different with a larger test group.

Classmate 2 Laure:

The article that I chose was regarding the COVID-19 Outbreak in NYC, the article focuses on COVID-19 data from February 29th to June 1st, 2020. In summary the article discusses testing, hospitalizations, comorbidities, as well as the increased instances of the disease in minorities and lower income neighborhoods. The data was gathered from the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. Chart reviews, According to the article there were “approximately 203,000 cases of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were reported in NYC during the first 3 months of the pandemic. The crude fatality rate among confirmed cases was 9.2% overall and 32.1% among hospitalized patients. Incidence, hospitalization rates, and mortality were highest among Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino persons, as well as those who were living in neighborhoods with high poverty, aged ≥75 years, and with underlying medical conditions” (Thompson et al, 2020).
The population was dynamic.
The sample were confirmed COVID-19 positive patients that were reported to NYS Department of Helath and Mental Hygiene.
The parameters were laboratory confirmed COVID-19 positive patients.
The confidence Interval.. The data was gathered from DOHMH and hospital records of those sick and/or deceased as well.
The Type of test
Statistical Power/ effect size was 203,000 laboratory confirmed COVID-19 cases
Results were that the “incidence, hospitalization rates, and mortality were highest among Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino persons, as well as those who were living in neighborhoods with high poverty, aged ≥75 years, and with underlying medical conditions” (Thompson et al, 2020).
References
Field, A. (2018). Discovering Statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics, North American Edition (5th ed.). Sage Publications.
Friis, R. & Sellers, T. (2021). Epidemiology for Public Health Practice (6th ed). Jones and Bartlett.
Thompson, C. N., Baumgartner, J., Pichardo, C., Toro, B., Li, L., Arciuolo, R., Chan, P. Y., Chen, J., Culp, G., Davidson, A., Devinney, K., Dorsinville, A., Eddy, M., English, M., Fireteanu, A. M., Graf, L., Geevarughese, A., Greene, S. K., Guerra, K., Huynh, M., … Fine, A. (2020). COVID-19 Outbreak – New York City, February 29-June 1, 2020. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 69(46), 1725–1729. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6946a2
US Department of Health and Human Services. (2013). Principles of epidemiology in public health practice Third Edition: An introduction to applied epidemiology and biostatistics. http://www.cdc.gov/ophss/csels/dsepd

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