What role did colonization have in the construction of racial categories and the perpetuation of white supremacy?

Directions from the syllabus (after reading, scroll down to see the exam prompts):
All exams will consist of essay questions and will be based on material learned from reading the textbook. Exams are NOT cumulative, meaning each module exam is only based on the chapters assigned for that module. All exams have the same general format and are open book. Given that the exams are open book, I have very high expectations for the level of detail you include in your exam essays. Exams are not designed to be quick assignments and you should devote an extended period of time to complete each one to the best of your ability. There is not a strict minimum or maximum number of words or sentences required for each essay, but you are expected to provide accurate and complete responses to each essay prompt. All exams must be typed in a document and uploaded using the submission box in the assignment link on Canvas. Please type a separate essay for each numbered prompt. All essays should be submitted in the same document per module exam.
Written exam submissions will be submitted through Turnitin links in each module. Your exam submissions will pass through plagiarism detection software and checked for originality.
Written Exam Submission Checklist
Follow these instructions/complete these steps, failure to do so will result in point deductions.
Number each essay with the corresponding question number.
Every essay should be in complete sentences and paragraphs, and they should fully and accurately respond to all elements of the prompt.
Every essay must include the name of at least one anthropologist/theorist in bolded text unless the prompt on Canvas instructs you to do otherwise. When including information about anthropologists/theorists in each question, write about specific details based on their ethnographic fieldwork or contributions to theory and/or research methods.
Include at least three vocabulary terms from the textbook in bolded text in each essay.
You are not required to provide formal citations, but at the end of each numbered essay, include a list of the textbook page numbers that informed your essays.
Do not plagiarize the textbook or use direct quotes from the textbook. All essays should be written in your own words.
Do not refer to, or use information form any other source other than the required textbook for this course.
Demonstrate to me that you understand the material and have carefully read the textbook by committing yourself to writing detailed essays.
Note on plagiarism: Plagiarism is when you use someone else’s words and pass them off as your own. Plagiarism can be copying a classmate’s wording, using the exact wording in the textbook, or copy and pasting text from an external source and passing it off as work you completed on your own. Your writing should be informed by the content you learn in the textbook but should ultimately be in your own words. Formal citations are not required so be sure you paraphrase the textbook and respond to exam prompts using your own words. Plagiarism is a very serious matter and doing it can result in disciplinary action and
Question 1:
How is class and inequality culturally constructed? How have anthropologists and other theorists assessed the affects inequality has had on different groups of people?
Question 2:
What role did colonization have in the construction of racial categories and the perpetuation of white supremacy? How have anthropologists responded to this historical legacy of inequality in their ethnographic fieldwork among contemporary populations?
Question 3:
What is the relationship between globalization, migration, and transnationalism? How have global economic and political forces influenced the everyday lives of immigrants and the way in which anthropologists conduct ethnographic fieldwork?
Question 4:
How is state power maintained within a population? How does ethnicity and nationalism influence the ways in which cultural groups recognized their inclusion or exclusion within a nation-state?

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