What effect does providing education to nurses on the importance of patient advocacy and tips on how to implement it into their daily practice, compared to offering no education, have on reported levels of nurse confidence related to advocating and on mortality rates from preventable causes for hospitalized patients?

Abstract
Purpose and research question: The purpose of this research is to improve patient care by assessing effects of nursing education in patient advocacy. In an Intensive Care Unit, what effect does providing education to nurses on the importance of patient advocacy and tips on how to implement it into their daily practice, compared to offering no education, have on reported levels of nurse confidence related to advocating and on mortality rates from preventable causes for hospitalized patients? Background: By researching patient advocacy, we will be able to educate nurses to discuss ethical patient care and patient decisions with multi-disciplinary teams in order to give the best quality patient care. Studying this professional practice issue will also help nurses improve communication with various team members involved in patient care. Critical Care nurses have a crucial role in patient advocacy that ensures patient safety and appropriate treatment (Mortell et al., 2017). Methods: Six research studies were reviewed with focus on educating nursing in the Intensive Care Unit on patient advocacy and increasing nursing confidence. Results: All six studies showed improvement of patient care and patient outcomes with increased education on patient advocacy, as well as, increased nurse confidence. Conclusion: Patient advocacy is something nurses can do speak for the patients’ best interests. Educating nurses on patient advocacy was shown in these studied to assist in better patient outcomes and safer patient care. Relevance to clinical practice: These studies are relevant to nursing practice because they research bedside nurses in many different stages of practice. These studies also include direct feedback from nurses in various areas on the importance of patient advocacy in clinical practice.
Keywords: patient advocacy, nursing education, nursing confidence, intensive care unit, mortality rates.

Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this literature review is to examine the effects of nurse staffing models on nurse and patient satisfaction. What effect do acuity based staffing models have on nurse satisfaction and patient satisfaction versus budget based staffing models? Background: Staffing levels are part of an overall model used by an organization to schedule nursing staff in the provision of care. It has long been a priority topic as it relates to the ability of nurses to provide appropriate care which meets standards of practice. Staffing models have been found to impact outcomes related to nursing job satisfaction and patient satisfaction. Methods: In this review, a wide range of databases were searched from January 2016 to July 2021 for studies presenting primary data of nursing and patient satisfaction related to nurse staffing models. Results: Six studies were included in the review. Evidence was found that staffing models have a direct impact on nurse and patient satisfaction. Further evidence suggested that acuity based staffing models resulted in high nursing job satisfaction and high patient satisfaction. Conclusion: The findings suggest that interventions related to staffing models might improve patient satisfaction in regard to outcomes. Interventions related to staffing models might also improve staff related outcomes such as satisfaction and retention. Relevance: This is a priority issue for nursing as low staffing levels relative to skill mixes and patient acuity have been implicated in lower satisfaction, employee turnover and poor patient outcomes. This review provides some evidence for the application of acuity based staffing models.
Keywords: Nurse staffing models, acuity based staffing, nurse satisfaction, patient satisfaction.
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Using the checklist below, identify strengths and areas for improvement, being sure to address each critical element in your review.
Peer Review Checklist:

Aims and objectives: Is the purpose clearly stated?
Background: Does the author offer background on the subject?
Methods: Are the methods clearly stated? What type of method did the author use?
Results: Are the results valid and reliable?
Conclusions: Are the conclusions clearly stated and are they informed by the results?
Relevance to clinical practice: Does the author state the relevancy to clinical practice?
Articulation of response: (e.g., citations, grammar, spelling, syntax, organization)
Ways of knowing: Does this review have the ability to influence nursing knowledge?
Provide one page for each abstract.

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