Faye G. Abdellah: Patient-Centered Approaches to Nursing and Dorothy Johnson: The Behavioral System Model:

For this discussion week, I have chosen Faye G. Abdellah: Patient-Centered Approaches to Nursing and Dorothy Johnson: The Behavioral System Model:
A comparison of what you have learned from the case study to related theories you have studied this week. Mention the specific theories!
A comparison of the case study to your nursing practice, giving one or two examples from your nursing experience in which you might have applied a particular theory covered.
Your reflection should be a minimum of five to six paragraphs.
No Cover page or Reference page is needed.
No citations needed- you are getting the theory discussion from your required reading for the week.
Therefore- Your grade will reflect 2 components as listed above. So be sure to include #2- a comparison to your practice in your response, giving an example of how that theory/theories relate to your practice setting!!!

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HERE IS MY DISCUSSION ON THE ASSIGNMENT

Faye G. Abdellah: Patient-Centered Approaches to Nursing
Considered a “human needs theory” the patient-centered approach to nursing was created to assist in nursing education and best applied to education and practice (McEwen & Wills, 2014, p. 139). With the intent to guide care in the hospital setting it is also relevant for nursing care in the community setting (McEwen & Wills, 2014, p. 139).
Concepts: The language is this theory is one aspect that humanized the role of nurses, doctors, and patients. Instead of saying ‘nurses’ ‘ the term used is “she”, “he” for doctors, and “patients”instead of client or consumer (McEwen & Wills, 2014, p. 139). These terms allow for a deeper connection to self and even identity in terms of roles regarding nursing care. Within this theory there was also the reference of “nursing diagnosis” when in the early development of this theory “nurses were taught that diagnosis was not a nurse’s prerogative” (McEwen & Wills, 2014, p. 139).
Assumptions: The assumptions in this theory “relate to change and anticipated changes that affect nursing; the need to appreciate the interconnections of social enterprises and social problems; the impact of problems such as poverty, racism, pollution, education, and so forth on health and health care delivery; changing nursing education; continuing education for professional nurses; and development of nursing leaders from underserved groups (McEwen & Wills, 2014, p. 139).
Implications: Twenty-one nursing problems and ten nursing skills were developed and identified in the development of this theory (McEwen & Wills, 2014, p. 140). Some nursing problems include: maintaining good hygiene and physical comfort, optimal activity, prevention of accidents/injury/trauma through the prevention of the spread of infection, creating and maintaining a therapeutic environment, and maintaining effective verbal/non-verbal communication (McEwen & Wills, 2014, p. 140). Among skills nurses should have include learning about the patient in order to know them, to be able to sort out relevant and significant data, identifying the therapeutic plan, continuing to observe and evaluate the patient over a period of time and to identify any attitudes and clues affecting his or her behavior, identifying how the nurse feels about the patient’s nursing problems, and discussing and developing a comprehensive nursing care plan (McEwen & Wills, 2014, p. 140).
Application: The patient-centered approach has been constructed to be useful to nursing practice as well as public policy related to nursing (McEwen & Wills, 2014, p. 141). The contribution of organizing and structuring nursing problems that are based on individual needs and the development of nursing skills and treatment has contributed to nursing as a discipline unlike any other discipline (McEwen & Wills, 2014, p. 141).
Dorothy Johnson: The Behavioral System Model
The focus of this model is on “needs, the human as a behavioral system, and relief of stress as nursing care” (McEwen & Wills, 2014, p. 146). The concept within this theory has its foundation in the work of Florence Nightingale’s philosophy to “consider the person experiencing a disease more important that the disease itself” (McEwen & Wills, 2014, p. 147). This theory also included portions from other theories like “Selye on stress, Grinker’s theory of human behavior, and Buckley and Chin on systems theories” (McEwen & Wills, 2014, p. 147).
Concepts: Johnson’s views of nursing are “an external regulatory force” in which its actions are to preserve the optimal level of organization and integration of a patient’s behavior under conditions that threaten physical or social health (McEwen & Wills, 2014, p. 147). This theory is one that is defined as a behavioral system striving to make continual adjustments to achieve, maintain, and regain balance to a steady state of adaptation (McEwen & Wills, p. 147).
Assumptions: There are four assumptions about human behavioral subsystems (McEwen & Wills, 2014, p. 139). The first deriving from focal points around which behaviors are organized to achieve specific goals, the second that behavior is differentiated and organized within prevailing dimensions of set and choice, third that specialized parts or subsystems are structured by dimensions of goal, set, choice and action, and lastly that interactive and interdependent subsystems have a tendency to achieve and maintain a balance between and among subsystems through control and regulatory mechanisms (McEwen & Wills, 2014, p. 139).
Implications: For this model to work there are three functional requirements that the human must embody that are: to be protected from noxious influences in which the person cannot cope, to be nurtured through the input of supplies from the environment, and lastly to be stimulated to enhance growth and prevent stagnation (McEwen & Wills, 2014, p. 148). Any upset to this “human” and a lack of adaptation and this would create an unstable environment/subsystem that alters the function of the human (McEwen & Wills, 2014, p. 148).
Application: Johnson defined seven subsystems: attachment or affiliative subsystem, dependency subsystem, ingestive subsystem, eliminative subsystem, sexual subsystem, aggressive subsystem, and achievement subsystem (McEwen & Wills, 2014, p. 148). Understanding these subsystems and the relationships to the human that has led to other conceptual frameworks regarding client outcome evaluations (McEwen & Wills, 2014, p. 148). Siting that the foundation of this theory allowed for the distinguishing of nursing care and medical care (McEwen & Wills, 2014, p. 148).
McEwen, M., & Wills, E. M. (2017). Theoretical Basis for Nursing (5th Edition). Wolters Kluwer Health.

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