RQ1: Is there a significant difference between self-endorsed and perceived peer affirmation ratings of masculine characteristics for total male characteristics, emotional- detachment dominance, toughness, and avoidance of femininity)?
Four paired t-test will be used to examine differences between self and perceived peer endorsement of masculine norm ratings.
RQ2: Does perceived peer affirmation of masculinity change or explain the strength of (i.e., moderate or mediate) the relationship between self-endorsed masculinity characteristics and sense of belongingness?
Both a moderation and mediation analyses will be conducted using PROCESS
procedures in SPSS to examine any change in the relationship (Hayes, 2013). Subscales will be used for male characteristics (male characteristics, emotional- detachment dominance, toughness, and avoidance of femininity and sense of belonging) and sense of belonging (total, peer support, classroom comfort, and perceived isolation).
RQ3: Does perceived peer affirmations of masculinity characteristic, self-endorsement of masculinity characteristic, and sense of belonging predict student reported engagement?
A multiple linear regression analysis will be conducted to assess the degree each of the three variables predicts academic engagement. Four regressions for total, cognitive, behavioral, and emotional engagement subscales.
RQ3a: Does perceived peer affirmations of masculinity characteristic, self-endorsement of masculinity characteristic, peer support, classroom comfort, and perceived isolation predict student reported engagement?
A multiple linear regression analysis will be conducted to assess the degree each of the three variables predicts academic engagement. Four regressions for total, cognitive, behavioral, and emotional engagement subscales.
RQ3b: Does resiliency (total score) change the predictability of the above factors on academic engagement?
The multiple linear regression analysis will be conducted to assess the degree each of the three variables predicts academic engagement with resiliency as a covariate variable.
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