annotated bibliography on Motivation in Different Arenas of Psychology

. THE TOPICS ARE TO BE ABOUT:
1. Social Cognitive Theory,
2.Mindfulness & Happiness
3.Sleep and Motivation

HERE IS THE PAPER I NEED THE 3 EXTRA ARTICLES ADDED TO BELOW:

Annotated bibliography on Motivation in Different Arenas of
Psychology

Bajaj, B., Gupta, R., &
Sengupta, S. (2018). Emotional Stability and Self-Esteem as Mediators
Between Mindfulness and Happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies. doi:10.1007/s10902-018-0046-4

The
article focuses on a mediation model, which suggests that mindfulness is not directly
related happiness of an individual. Notably, this is because happiness relates
to an individual’s self-esteem and emotional stability. The authors researched
to examine whether the mediations model was related to an individual’s
emotional stability. In order to achieve this, the researchers used a sample of
302 students who volunteered to take part in the study. The researchers then
collected data from the participants using questionnaires that focused on
mindfulness, self-esteem, happiness, and emotional stability. Worth noting the researchers
considered disclosing the personal information of the participants while
analyzing the study. A ten-item inventory was used to measure emotional
stability, while the mindfulness attention awareness scale (MMAS) helped assess
the participants’ mindfulness. Nevertheless, a subjective happiness scale
helped measure the sense of happiness among the students.
The study
results showed a significant relationship between the happiness, self-esteem,
and emotional stability of an individual. Self-esteem and emotional stability seemed
to mediate a close relationship between happiness and mindfulness. Thus, this
suggests that a person with high levels of mindfulness are more likely to be
happy. For this reason, such individuals can experience a high self-esteem. In
other words, the study results suggest that emotionally stable individuals are mainly
composed and lower tempers. Such individuals are less likely to complain about
stress and anxiety condition. For this reason, they are mostly happy and
emotionally stable. Besides, the study’s results shows that people with high
levels of mindfulness have high self-esteem. Conversely, high self-esteem
levels convert to the increased happiness of an individual. Increased
mindfulness buffers low self-esteem that prevents people from having negative
thoughts.
The
article is relevant to the topic of study because it enhances our understanding
of how mindfulness exerts happiness and high self-esteem in an individual. Consequently,
high levels of happiness enhance the confidence of an individual. For example,
in the workplace, high levels of mindfulness can be detected by incased self-motivation
that increases the performance of an individual. Such an individual is self-motivated
because they experience increased happiness and high self-esteem levels. Also, these
individuals are less likely to argue with their workmates because they have low
anxiety and negative thoughts. Generally, the authors have conceptualized
mindfulness as the ability to be aware of the present experiences without judging
them. Engaging in mindfulness help in ensuring a person focuses on what is important
to them. Since they engage in what is important to them, they are likely to
make important decisions because their socials well-being influences them.
Exceptionally, these individuals have the ability to manage and find solutions
to their daily challenges.
The source
is credible because the authors are experienced researchers in the social-psychological
field. Particularly, they work in the social sciences and humanities department
at the Jaypee IT institution. The
credibility of the source also lies in the ethical consideration put forward by
the authors. Personal information from the participants was ethically disclosed
and was not used in the study. Another aspect that reflects the credibility is
the publisher of the article. Notably, this article was published by the
journal of happiness studies.
Massar, S. A. A.,
Lim, J., & Huettel, S. A. (2019). Sleep deprivation, effort
allocation and performance. Progress in Brain Research. doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.03.007

Massar,
Lim, and Huettel explore the relationship between sleep
deprivation, effort, and performance. In particular, they believe that sleep
deprivation causes psychological changes in an individual’s body that affect
the overall performance of their daily activities. The psychological changes
include intrusion of micro-sleeps and decreased arousal. Also, the authors
believe that these changes indicate alterations in cognitive performance. Thus,
this means the cognitive functions depend on capacity-limited systems that may
lower with the absence of sleep. To verify these concepts, the authors reviewed
various current researches on the relationship between sleep deprivation,
effort, and performance. The study also involves how motivational manipulations
affect the performances of sleep-deprived individuals.
The
authors’ reviews included the relationship between sleep deprivation, reduced
motivation, and subjective efforts. The authors found out that sleep
deprivation has a great relationship with reduced motivation among individuals
from these researches. Particularly, the authors found out that lack of sleep
reduces the motivation levels of an individual. The motivational changes
primarily rely on the time taken during sleep and time spends on specific
tasks. Notably, if people take enough time to rest and sleep, their
motivational levels may increase, leading to increased daily activities.
However, if they spend less time sleeping, they are likely to experience sleep
deprivation. Hence, their motivational levels are likely to reduce, and they
may be unproductive in their performance. The results of the study also suggest
that sleep deprivation leads to poor decision-making processes. Notably, this
is because these individuals fail to analyze the issues that face them. In
other words, sleep deprivation leads to reduced integration of information that
helps individuals consider the reward values of various situations. Sleep
deprivation changes the neural circuits responsible for the different forms of
reward ad effort.
The
article is significant to the study topic because it mainly focuses on sleep
deprivation as a significant factor that influences the motivation levels of an
individual. The information shared in the source helps understand the effects
and causes of sleep deprivation. The authors view lack of sleep as the leading
cause of reduced motivation and performance whenever there are low incentives.
For this reason, the authors suggest that lack of sleep may cause negative
moods, reduced willingness to perform various functions. However, individuals
may be able to overcome sleep deprivation effects if they are assigned tasks
that have high incentives. The tasks that may have high incentives include
military and clinical emergency tasks. Sleep deprivation may fail to effects
such individuals because the main motivational element is the incentives they
receive. Besides, the article suggests that the continued lack of sleep may
cause clinical sleep disorders like insomnia. The condition is mainly
characterized by reduced motivation among individuals. Patients are suffering
from the disease experience low motivational self-ratings and hedonic valuation
rewards. The article is also important to the study topic because it
conceptualizes motivation and effort allocation as the essential factors that
help human performance. Therefore, this means that sleep deprivation and
fatigue align with the psychological functions of an individual.
The
source is credible because the authors were granted permission by the Duke
University. In particular, the authors are also experienced in the
psychological research about motivation, sleep, and performance. The ethical
holding in the source includes disclosure of the critical information of the
reviewed studies. Additionally, the information from the source is unbiased.

Schunk, D. H., &
DiBenedetto, M. K. (2019). Motivation and Social Cognitive Theory.
Contemporary Educational Psychology, 101832. doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2019.101832

This article discusses motivation from the
perspective of Bandura’s theory of social cognitive. In particular, the theory
is a perspective that explains human functioning. The theory explains the
significant role that the social environment plays in learning, motivation, and
self-regulation. The author states that the theory has been applied in several
psychological disciplines and other fields such as health, education, and
business. However, in this article, the researchers focused on the role of
motivation. The authors indicate that earlier researchers focused much of their
attention on the significant role motivation plays in human behavior. Bandura’s
theory on social learning emphasized observation learning. According to
Bandura, people would experience learning if they followed and retained the
model. However, the hindrance to observation learning results from the model
competence, similarity of the model, and model status. The premise of the
social learning model is that people strive to attain a sense of agency. Thus,
individuals exercise the sense of agency by cognitive and using self-regulative
capabilities like setting objectives and even implementing specific and
appropriate strategies. To achieve their goals, people would monitor progress
and change strategies. The authors also discuss personal influences and
indicate that it involves emotions, perceptions, beliefs, and cognitions.
Notably, it is personal influences are the factors that help in maintaining
motivational outcomes. Social cognitive theory, on the other hand, is essential
since it helps in predicting goals. The authors further researched the
different types of goals like performance and learning. Findings show that
there is a difference between goal orientation, performance goals, and learning
goals. Goal orientation is the reason forcing an individual to attain specific
goals. Learning goals, on the other hand, involve skills, knowledge, and
strategies that learners acquire. Notably, this goal pays much attention to the
strategies and processes that can help learners improve. Performance goals, on
the other hand, entail the tasks set for learners to complete. Therefore, this
goal is meant for social comparisons and monitoring learners to ensure they
complete their tasks. The authors concluded that there is a greater connection
between social cognitive theory and motivation.
The article contains useful information about
social cognitive theory and motivation. The article is credible since the
authors have incorporated different sources where they derived their research
information. Notably, the sources provide the researchers the authority of
using their knowledge. Besides, the sources act as supportive evidence on
issues on motivation and social cognitive theory. The article will also be
vital in the research since it will determine some issues when researching
social cognitive theory. Some of these issues include diversity, intervention
effects, methodology, and culture.
Another factor that makes this article credible is that it was published
by Elsevier incorporated publisher. Therefore, this means that it has undergone
enhancement after being accepted by a recognized institute. Moreover, the
article has been formatted well, and this increases its readability. Being
accepted by a recognized university, North Carolina, makes the article credible
for research.

References

Bajaj, B., Gupta,
R., & Sengupta, S. (2018). Emotional Stability and Self-Esteem as
Mediators Between Mindfulness and Happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies. doi:10.1007/s10902-018-0046-4
Massar, S. A. A.,
Lim, J., & Huettel, S. A. (2019). Sleep deprivation, effort
allocation and performance. Progress in Brain Research. doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.03.007
Schunk, D. H., &
DiBenedetto, M. K. (2019). Motivation and Social Cognitive Theory.
Contemporary Educational Psychology, 101832. doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2019.101832

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