Best Writer

There are times when the best strategies are simply unplanned and happen. When these “emergent” strategies are born (often out of conflict) it is important to be flexible in order to be successful. It is also important to be sure to determine factors to success. This week we will discuss how these items affect overall strategy.

Have you observed a case of successful emergent strategy in any field? Briefly describe the events. Why was the strategy successful?
As in all assignments, cite your sources in your work and provide references for the citations in APA format.

Read pages 166-168 on differential reinforcement
Read pages 165-166 on Extinction
Read page 164 on Antecedent interventions

Read everything listed above as well as below and then answer the following questions.

1. Without sharing confidential information that would reveal your “clients” identity, briefly describe your client (Example: age, gender, and occupation).

2. Define the behavior that you chose to target for increase.

3. What is the baseline of the current rate/frequency/duration of this behavior?

4. Describe the Antecedent Intervention that you chose to implement in order to increase the target behavior. How many days did you implement this intervention? What materials did you use? Please share the details of the Antecedent Intervention you chose.

5. What was the result of the Antecedent Intervention? Did you observe an increase in the desired behavior? Or did it stay the same or decrease?

6. What would you do differently next time?

Read pages 166-168 on differential reinforcement
Read pages 165-166 on Extinction
Read page 164 on Antecedent interventions

Read everything listed above as well as below and then answer the following questions.

1. Without sharing confidential information that would reveal your “clients” identity, briefly describe your client (Example: age, gender, and occupation).

2. Define the behavior that you chose to target for increase.

3. What is the baseline of the current rate/frequency/duration of this behavior?

4. Describe the Antecedent Intervention that you chose to implement in order to increase the target behavior. How many days did you implement this intervention? What materials did you use? Please share the details of the Antecedent Intervention you chose.

5. What was the result of the Antecedent Intervention? Did you observe an increase in the desired behavior? Or did it stay the same or decrease?

6. What would you do differently next time?

W‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‌‍‌‍‍‍‍‌‍‌‌rite a word commentary on 2 piece of art. One which depicts injustice and racism and the oth‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‌‍‌‍‍‍‍‌‍‌‌er disability. Explains the significant theology ideas which are communicated through them‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‌‍‌‍‍‍‍‌‍‌‌.

Locate a video on the Wells Fargo Fake Accounts Scandal. You can find many videos on YouTube.
Based on your readings, literature, and/or the Fraud Examiners Manual include the following in your discussion:
Post your understanding of the fraud. How was it perpetrated? Explain what types of transactions were part of this fraud
What professional ethical standards were violated?
Comment on the Wells Fargo corporate culture. What changes do you think needed to be made

Overview
One of the most vital reasons for studying biochemistry is for the purpose of biomedical research. Practically all human conditions or disorders can be described on a biochemical level, and almost all medical research toward finding a way to ease those conditions involves biochemical research. Scientists must understand biochemical pathways and biochemical interactions among molecules to produce most medications. It’s necessary for the production of the medicine to combat whatever the condition is and also prevent negative interactions in other biochemical pathways.

The text covers many medical conditions and disorders. Select one of them that’s of special interest to you and find a peer-reviewed academic research paper where the scientists used one of the biochemical research techniques overviewed in this course. Describe the disease, disorder, or condition; its biochemical origins; the biochemical techniques used to study this disorder in the academic article; and how this technique was used to reach the conclusions about the disease, disorder, or condition you chose.

Instructions
Choose one of the diseases, disorders, or conditions that have been mentioned in the textbook for this course.

Once you choose a disease, disorder, or condition, find a relatively recent research article (published no earlier than 2000) researching some aspect of your chosen condition.

The article must come from a peer-reviewed academic journal with an impact factor rating no lower than 2.
The article must discuss one of the biochemical techniques mentioned in this course, most of which are covered in sections 2.4 and 7.1.
Possible focus topics include:

Understanding the mechanism of a disease or disorder, such as through fluorescence labeling, looking at products on an SDS-PAGE, or various analyses: Researchers use many techniques to explain which proteins may be involved in the manifestation of a disease or disorder and can be very creative with the techniques used in this process.
A possible pharmaceutical to combat your chosen disorder or to function as a treatment: Many techniques are used in the process of discovering, synthesizing, and testing various possible medications. These compounds are usually some sort of agonist, antagonist, or inhibitor.
Procedure
Once you have an appropriate article that fits all the criteria, begin to write your paper. Make sure to answer all of the following questions and meet all of the following criteria.

Describe the disease, disorder, or condition.
Clearly introduce the disease, disorder, or condition you chose.
Describe the symptoms and how this condition manifests.
If it’s a genetic disorder, is it heritable? If not, where does it come from?
If it’s a disease, how do people contract it?
If it’s a condition, what causes it? Is it chronic or acute?
Describe any treatments. Don’t just list medications—explain what these medications do. For other types of dietary changes or therapies, explain why they help.
If it’s a disease, what is the cure? If there’s no cure, what are the common treatments?
If it’s a condition or disorder, what are the common treatment options?
Describe what issues researchers are still facing for your chosen condition.
If there’s no cure, why not?
If there are issues with the treatment options (such as side effects), what are they?
If the metabolic or signaling pathways affected aren’t fully understood, what are researchers currently focusing on in hopes of discovering something important?
If there’s hope that a new technique will be very good for treatment (e.g. CRISPR-Cas9), are there any issues researchers are still attempting to overcome before it can be fully successful?
Is there a particular enzyme, protein, RNA, or segment of DNA that researchers don’t understand and need more information about? If so, what’s difficult about obtaining important information (such as structural information) about the molecule?
Describe the biochemical basis for the disease, disorder, or condition.
Describe the normal behavior of the biochemical pathway or structure that’s affected by your chosen condition (that is, in individuals without the disease, disorder, or condition).
If fatty acid metabolism is affected, describe fatty acid metabolism in detail.
If glucose metabolism is affected, describe the section of sugar metabolism affected in detail.
If there’s a particular protein affected by the condition, make sure to explain that protein’s normal function.
Describe how the disease, disorder, or condition affects this biochemical pathway or physiological structure.
How does it result in physical symptoms?
Which biochemical macromolecules are affected?
If it’s a gene mutation, which gene? How is it mutated? What’s the result of this mutation—loss of protein function? Lowered rate? Or a different type of reaction entirely?
Is there a homeostatic imbalance? What is it? Which reactions occur at a different rate from before? Which chemical equilibria are affected?
If it’s a structure, what about it is different? What biochemical changes result in the structural differences?
Describe the biochemical technique used in the academic research paper.
Clearly state which technique you’re focusing on from the academic paper.
Describe the general theory behind how this technique works. Describe any principles necessary for understanding how the technique works. (For instance, with SDS-PAGE, the gaps between polyacrylamides are what impede proteins based on their different molecular weights and sizes.)
Describe the steps involved in using the technique. Explain how scientists would physically go about setting up an experiment.
What materials do they need?
How must their sample be prepared?
How much do they need?
What sort of controls are used? If none are used, why not?
Explain the type of data obtained from the technique and how it’s interpreted. (For example, in SDS-PAGE, the final product is a gel with bands on it. The bands must then be compared to a molecular ladder of known molecular weight that was run side-by-side. The weight of the ladder bands can be graphed versus the distance moved, and the distance of the sample can be compared to the graph to obtain a molecular weight.)
Describe the type of scenarios in which scientists would choose to use the technique. (For example, SDS-PAGE is used to obtain molecular weight during processes such as protein purification to check for purity, checking for molecular cleavage, or for other molecular alterations that involve changes to molecular weight.)
Describe the limitations or drawbacks of the technique and how they may be compensated for. (For example, with SDS-PAGE, some proteins with strong charges can outweigh the effect of SDS and can cause a protein to “run heavy,” making the technique no longer useful for finding out the molecular weight of such a protein. However, knowing the amino acid sequence of a protein can help know the molecular weight of the protein without using SDS-PAGE.)
Describe the use of the biochemical technique to research the condition, disease, or disorder.
Summarize the overall hypothesis of the chosen academic paper. Make sure not to quote directly. Instead, use your own words to describe what the authors are proving or disproving with their experiment.
Describe what aspect of your chosen condition the authors are focusing on in their academic paper.
How does their research relate to your chosen condition?
Is it a direct connection, or does the research focus on an affected protein in a metabolic or signaling pathway affected by the condition?
Describe how the authors used the technique in their academic paper.
Summarize the materials and methods used for this technique (do not quote directly).
Describe any substrates and summarize in a sentence or two how the samples are prepared.
Explain any controls that are run or baselines formed.
Describe the data obtained using the technique.
Describe the units of the data collected and give an example of one of the data points, if possible.
If there’s a figure, describe it in detail and how the data was used to obtain it.
Describe the axes, what the points on the graph or figure may represent, and then how this data would be interpreted.
Explain why the figure helps explain the data obtained from the technique better than a table or other method. If a table is used instead, explain why the table is sufficient for explaining what the data shows.
Summarize the conclusions the authors of the paper reached about their data using the technique. Don’t quote directly, but summarize what they say the technique showed them or what it was used to conclude.
Offer your opinion: Do you think the authors did a fair job of interpreting the results of their data using this technique? Make sure not to use “I” statements and instead focus on facts from the paper and your knowledge of the technique and its limitations. If you agree with the assessment, defend the position by mentioning the shortcomings of the technique and how the authors addressed them.
Describe the conclusions the academic paper reached.
Summarize the conclusions that the authors reach in the entire academic paper. Again, make sure not to quote directly but rather to summarize in your own words.
Summarize what the authors say about their conclusions in relation to your chosen condition. How does it affect the study of the condition? Does it answer any important questions that had existed about the condition? If they don’t mention the condition directly, summarize how it affects the research on the condition yourself based on your knowledge of the current understanding of the condition.
Summarize what the authors say about future directions or possible applications for their research.
What do they say their research will impact?
Could it lead to possible cures or treatments?
Does it expand the knowledge of the signaling or metabolic pathways in this condition?
Offer your opinion: Do you feel the conclusions of the authors were fair and relate properly to their obtained data? Again, defend your position based on your knowledge of the chosen condition as well as your overall biochemical knowledge from this course.
Use proper formatting.
Make sure to use correct grammar, citations, and to include a bibliography.

The project should be no longer than five pages.
Include a reference page at the end of the paper with citations to all scientific articles, offered in proper APA formatting.
Format the paper in 12-point Times New Roman font.
Use proper grammar and spelling throughout the paper. Avoid using first person (“I think,” “I believe”) and instead stick to general statements (“Although the authors of the paper conclude that their hypothesis is correct, the data shows that . . . ”).

Write an essay in which you analyze Human Resource Management (HRM) issues and make recommendations for the employee handbook of a hospital. First, you should perform research on the Internet and select an actual hospital that has its employee handbook published online. Once you’ve selected the hospital, assume that you work for the organization you’ve selected, and that you’ve been given the task of researching ways to improve the employee handbook and reduce HRM risks. Once you’ve selected the hospital and its employee handbook to use for this project, you will need to do the following: * Identify and explain specific HRM risks that the hospital faces with respect to (a) recruitment and hiring, (b) terms and conditions of employment, (c) compensation and benefits, (d) employee performance and evaluation, and (e) employee discipline and termination. * Identify areas in the employee handbook that can be revised or supplemented to mitigate these HRM risks. * Propose language for five specific revisions to be made to the employee handbook. When writing your essay be sure to include: * An introduction that identifies the hospital that you’ve chosen, describes the community that it serves, and provides an overview of its employees. * Why HRM risks and the recom‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‌‍‌‍‍‍‍‌‍‌‌mendations you are making are important. * Differentiation between peer reviewed research and any other sources of information utilized. * Analysis of specific risks within each of the five topic areas. * A reference page in APA format and APA formatted citations throughout the essay. Formatting & Sources instructions Please write this paper in the APA format, you must use at least five credible outside sources and cite them using APA format. Please include a mix of both primary and secondary sources, with at least one source from a scholarly peer-reviewed journal. If you use any lessons as sources, please also cite them in APA (including the lesson title and instructor’s name). * Primary sources are first-hand accounts such as interviews, advertisements, speeches, company documents, statements, and press releases published by the company in question. * Secondary sources come from peer-reviewed scholarly journals, such as the Journal of Management. You may use like JSTOR, Google Scholar, and Social Science Research Network to find articles from these journals. Secondary sources may also come from reputable websites with .gov, .edu, or .org in the domain. (Wikipedia is not a reputable source, though the sources listed in Wikipedia articles may be acceptable.‌‍‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‌‍‌‍‍‍‍‌‍‌‌)

There are 2 main questions. First question has two options, you can choose whenever you want and please write 3-4 pages.

Second question has two sub questions, you can find it on the very bottom of the instructions, please answer those questions in 1-2 page.

So in total you’ll be answering 3 questions, 1 for the first question and 2 for the second question.

You can use any source you want, but sources below are preferable if you think that suits the questions:

Andrade, C. E. S. D., & D’Agosto, M. D. A. (2016). The Role of Rail Transit Systems in Reducing Energy and Carbon Dioxide Emissions: The Case of The City of Rio de Janeiro. Sustainability, 8(2), 150.
Sharma, R., & Newman, P. (2017). Urban rail and sustainable development key lessons from Hong Kong, New York, London and India for emerging cities. Transportation research procedia, 26, 92-105. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S2352146517308700/pdf?md5=50a231f3fc11217e7bdfbd9a9ca66fe8&pid=1-s2.0- S2352146517308700-main.pdf
Bhandari, K., Advani, M., Parida, P., & Gangopadhyay, S. (2014). Consideration of access and egress trips in carbon footprint estimation of public transport trips: case study of Delhi. Journal of Cleaner Production, 85, 234-240. https:// www.researchgate.net/profile/Kirti_Bhandari/publication/ 268747177_Consideration_of_access_and_egress_trips_in_carbon_footprint_estimatio n_of_public_transport_trips_case_study_of_Delhi/links/ 5480104b0cf25b80dd703de5.pdf
Chang, Z., & Phang, S. Y. (2017). Urban rail transit PPPs: lessons from East Asian cities. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 105, 106-122. http:// ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3097&context=soe_research
Chen, B. (2018). Rail transit development of the Pearl River Delta planning, obstacles and history. Urban Rail Transit, 4(1), 13-22. s40864-017-0074-0
Surico. J. 5 Ways to Help Fund the MTA’s New York City Subway Fix. Citylab. Jan 2, 2019. funding-congestion-pricing/579262/

Cervero, Robert & Murakami, Jin. 2009. Rail and property development in Hong Kong: Experiences and extensions. Urban Studies 46: 2019-2043.
Xu, W., Guthrie, A., Fan, Y., & Li, Y. (2017). Transit-oriented development in China: Literature review and evaluation of TOD potential across 50 Chinese cities. Journal of Transport and Land Use, 10(1), 743-762. download/922/955
Jacobson, Justin and Ann Forsyth, 2008, Seven American TODs: Good practices for urban design in Transit-Oriented Development projects, Journal of Transport and Land Use, 1(2): 51-88.
Cervero, R. 2006. Public Transport and Sustainable Urbanism: Global Lesson. University of Calif. Transportation Center.
Ewing, Reid, 1997, Is Los Angeles-Style Sprawl Desirable? Journal of the American Planning Association, 63(1): 107-126.

West, Darrell M. 2016. Moving forward: Self-driving vehicles in China, Europe, Japan, Korea, and the United States. 2016/09/driverless-cars-2.pdf
Millard-Ball, Adam. 2016. Pedestrians, Autonomous Vehicles, and Cities. Journal of Planning Education and Research 0739456X16675674.
Celicia Kang. Self-Driving Cars Gain Powerful Ally: The Government. New York Times.
Robert Moore. Is the Self Driving Car Un-American?. New York Magazine. Oct. 16, 2016.

Van Wee, B., Maat, K., & De Bont, C. (2012). Improving sustainability in urban areas: discussing the potential for transforming conventional car-based travel into electric mobility. European Planning Studies, 20(1), 95-110.
Hildermeier, J, and Villareal, A. “Two ways of defining sustainable mobility: Autolib’and BeMobility.” Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning 16, no. 3 (2014): 321-336.
Walker, Alicia. Four Ways that Elon Musk’s New Tesla Plan Will Totally Reinvent Our Cities. Jul 21, 2016. Curbed. elon-musk-energy-cities

Flying cars/aviation:

Kasarda JD. Airport cities and the aerotropolis. 2006_07_Airport-Cities.pdf [Stand: 12.05. 2007]. 2006 Jul 26.
Freestone, R. (2009). Planning, sustainability and airport-led urban development. International Planning Studies, 14(2), 161-176. http://www-tandfonline- com.proxy.library.nyu.edu/doi/full/10.1080/13563470903021217? scroll=top&needAccess=true
Uber’s Flying Cars could arrive in LA by 2020. The Verge. Nov 2017, https:// www.theverge.com/2017/11/8/16613228/uber-flying-car-la-nasa-space-act
Did Elon Musk Just say Tesla’s New Roadster Will Fly? Forbes. Nov 20, 2017. https:// www.forbes.com/sites/jimgorzelany/2017/11/20/did-musk-just-say-teslas-new- roadster-will-fly/

Nikitas, Alexandros, et al. “How can autonomous and connected vehicles, electromobility, BRT, hyperloop, shared use mobility and mobility-as-a-service shape transport futures for the context of smart cities?.” Urban Science 1.4 (2017): 36. urbansci-01-00036.pdf?filename=&attachment=1
Walker, Alicia. Four Ways that Elon Musk’s New Tesla Plan Will Totally Reinvent Our Cities. Jul 21, 2016. Curbed. elon-musk-energy-cities

Question 1 (3-4 pages)
YOU MAY CHOOSE TO ANSWER A OR B
A. In our class, we discussed many aspects of sustainable transportation. However difficult to define, there are a number of characteristics that must be included. We also discussed the impact of technology on sustainability throughout history – from the rise of automobiles and the decline of public transport systems, to the impact of ridesharing and electric vehicles.
In our discussion of recent technological innovations, we discussed electrification, network technology and aviation. Uber’s plans to launch a flying taxi service combines all of these innovations into one. The revolution in transport is promised to save us from congestion, and make getting around cities faster, easier and cheaper. According to Uber, the aerial vehicles, utilizing VTOL technology, will be operating by 2023, and will be “safe, quiet and environmentally conscious…and extend the reach of existing transportation options.” See e.g.

What is notably absent from these futurists is a deeper understanding of the way that past transportation innovations have impacted the growth and development of cities, including the environment and distribution of urban populations and investment.
Given what you learned in the class, first define sustainable transportation. Then, assess what can we learn from the past, and what concerns you might have about how flying taxis could impact sustainable transportation in cities of the future. In addition, make sure you write about any recommendations you have to mitigate any potential harms.
B.
Electrification, mobile apps and the sharing economy have seriously disrupted transportation in the last few years and promise a complete transformation in the next decade. In what is called the “Micromobility” revolution, all kinds of new transportation technologies are flooding the streets of the world, providing new options for how to get around.
E-scooters have taken other cities by storm, and companies like Bird and Lime provide on- demand, dockless scooter rides for $1 in Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Washington, D.C., amongst other cities.
In April 2020, the New York State legislature passed a budget that legalizes electric bikes and scooters – allowing all cities in the state to independently decide whether to permit them – with one exception – the bill still makes scooter sharing illegal in Manhattan. instead, NYC is piloting a project in the Bronx, with Bird, Lime and VeoRide each launching 1,000 scooters. ( bike-lanes-injuries-lime-bird-veo). In March 2022, DOT decided to expand the pilot after it debuted with a strong safety record. ( expand-e-scooter-pilot-in-the-bronx.shtml)
However, Bird, the billion dollar scooter and bike share company, wants in on Manhattan. They know that you are an expert on Safe and Sustainable Transportation. They offer you a deal you cannot refuse – $2 million if you can write the two page summary briefing that can can convince the State of New York to allow the scooters in the other boroughs. They are providing an additional $20 million to spend for infrastructure to build out the scootershare system, but the rest of the funds will come from the city and state. The city is most interested in hearing how you would redesign the streets to handle this new form of transportation. What would you do and what arguments can you make that this is an essential and safe form of transport?

Question 2 (You must answer)
More than two years after it initially surfaced, the COVID-19 pandemic continues to roil the world. In the midst of yet another surge, this afternoon, May, 12 2022, President Biden marked the 1 millionth American death due to covid.

What seemed like it would be a temporary inconvenience has drawn out, and yet as the end seems in sight, little is still known about the long term impact on cities and our transportation system.
Many commentators believe our transportation landscape may never look the same.
In a working paper that was written in Mid April 2020, MIT economist Jeffrey Harris argued that the subways seeded the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper, which was not peer reviewed, stated: “New York City’s multitentacled subway system was a major dissemination – if not the principal transmission vehicle – of coronavirus infection during the initial takeoff of the massive epidemic that became evident throughout the city during March 2020.” He uses maps of subway station entrances superimposed on zip-code level COVID incidence to demonstrate correlation.
You can access the paper here: HarrisJE_WP2_COVID19_NYC_24-Apr-2020.pdf
The paper, however, was roundly criticized in much of the alternative transportation press and blogosphere.
Streetsblog titled their response article “That MIT Study About the Subway Causing COVID Spread is Crap.” ( subway-causing-covid-spread-is-crap/)
See also subway-infection-riders-mta/610159/ and the-coronavirus-pandemic
Harris later published it in Frontiers in Public Health: 10.1101/2021.07.03.21259973v1;
Regardless of the merits of that early debate, one thing is undoubtable: riders have only slowly returned to public transit. ( nyc-subway-ridership-hits-pandemic-high-passes-pre-omicron-peak). While ridership hit a pandemic high this week, ridership is still only about 55-60% pre-pandemic on the subway, about 6% on the buses, and even less on the commuter rail lines, while vehicle travel has rebounded to near pre-pandemic levels. In fact, the last weekend and Monday 5/9/22, car travel has exceeded pre-pandemic levels. (See coronavirus/ridership). The subway shooting in April didn’t help ridership, but hasn’t seemed to have a long-lasting impact either. Nevertheless, fear of crime is also a factor transportation planners have tot are seriously.

The longer term impact is the shift to Work From Home (or anywhere). Richard Florida wrote an article (playing on Jane Jacob’s famous book title) titled “The Death and Life of the Central Business District.” ( the-post-pandemic-future-of-central-business-districts?srnd=citylab).
His more recent take is that while downtowns may survive, there “will be a 20% reduction in the demand for central office space and a 5-to 10-percent hit to central business district economies.” ( pandemic-city/)
The move to WFH is a significant threat to the viability of mass transit. As Elise Young, David Moran and Michelle Kate wrote in their Citylab article “Working From Home for Some Threatens Mass Transit for All:” ( 2021-05-12/working-from-home-has-fewer-commuters-on-buses-and-trains) “This crisis could stop a decades-long effort to reclaim cities from car-enabled sprawl, creating
denser, walkable cores with businesses and housing.” Twinned with the technological changes of automation and electrification, we may yet be in for a long-term shift away from transit and sustainable cities.

A. Knowing what you do about sustainable transportation, what would you recommend transit agencies do to attempt to recover more quickly? What two or three top innovations from your peers’ COTD presentations or your own knowledge do you recommend MTA or other agencies implement to reduce the fear of disease and safety on public transit in the future? (From 1- 2 pages).
B. Regardless of the disruption of COVID, public transit ridership has been declining in the past five years due to other factors, such as the rise of transportation network corporations like Uber and Lyft. ( transit-riders-coronavirus-bus-subway-public-funding/611203/). Endless Covid meanwhile, is exacerbating these trends in the medium and long term. If ridership remains dismal and transit budgets do not recover, what would you suggest as a solution to pay for needed transit infrastructure? (From 1-2 pages).

Reflection assignment.
I’m also attaching the slides used in class for reference and guidance.
Use the following questions as a guide.
1. What do you think are the most important impact points of this time period on today’s practice?
2. How do think things would be different if Pharmacy during the Colonial Time was modeled more on the continental European practice vs. English practice? (Hint: look at chapters on Germany, France, Italy, Spain)
3. Locate additional resources for the content. Describe what you found.
4. How effective was the PowerPoint material in presenting this information?
5. What other relevant questions would you ask about this content?

Thanks in advance

Please provide the market capitalization. Determine the market capitalization at the most recent year end. Determine the number of shares outstanding from balance sheet. Recall that shares outstanding is total shares issued less any treasury shares. Please see attached for all details