What roles do schools play in creating or maintaining the achievement gap?

For each question, it must be 500 words

1. As you learned from chapter 4, the current K-12 curriculum is presented in a one-size-fits-all approach that generally reflects White, middle class norms. This leaves many groups of students feeling like the curriculum is not relevant to their racial or ethnic identities which can contribute to the achievement gap. What are common barriers that make learning in the classroom more difficult for students of underrepresented groups? What roles do schools play in creating or maintaining the achievement gap? What role should schools play in reducing the achievement gap?

2. As you learned from chapter 4, the current K-12 curriculum is presented in a one-size-fits-all approach that generally reflects White, middle class norms. This leaves many groups of students feeling like the curriculum is not relevant to their racial or ethnic identities which can contribute to the achievement gap. Due to the diverse nature of students, is it possible to meet the needs of all learners in a classroom? How does multicultural education create an effective learning environment for students?

3. Based on Chapter 11, the American school system generally dedicates about 60% of the school day to “engaged” time in which students are actively involved in academic activities. Is 60% of engaged time enough to contribute to student learning? Should students be engaged more throughout the school day? What are students learning for the 40% of the school day where they are not engaged?

4. Based on the Principle of Least Intervention, critique this approach to managing classroom behavioral issues. Use concrete examples to illustrate your argument. Discuss why this approach might work well, as well as at least one flaw in this approach that might make it ineffective.

Do people experience cognitive dissonance because of a threat to their private self-image, to their public self-image, or both?

Do people experience cognitive dissonance because of a threat to their private self-image, to their public self-image, or both? Do you think it depends on the person, the situation, or the cognitions, or some other factor? How could you test or explore whether public or private self-concept matters more?
300 word minimum and small reply to one comment from one i posted

comments

Madison O’Brien
RE: Cognitive Dissonance and Self-Concept
COLLAPSE
After reviewing the concept of cognitive dissonance and comparing them to a few examples in my life, I have concluded that I believe that people experience cognitive dissonance because of a threat to to their public self-image. For the most part, people have an easier time justifying things to themselves rather than to others. In addition, most would rather be privately judged by themselves than judged by the public. For example, I believe that being late to a commitment is rude. When I am late to something I feel guilty but still find a way to justify it in my mind. In contrast it would be much more difficult to me to explain to something that it is okay for me to be late, but rude if someone else were to be. I believe that this depends on the person and the extent of the situation. If someone has a strong belief of something and contradicts it, they are likely to feel more guilty than someone less passionate would. It also depends on the person, because some people would care less if their public self-image was destroyed than their private. Also, something minor would be less detrimental to one’s self image than a major cognitive dissonance. However, overall I think that today’s day in age, people would rather preserve their public image more than their private. This reasoning stems from people’s need to be accepted. A threat to someone’s public self image would be more detrimental to their self esteem because they would be judged by others and themselves. A way one could test/explore whether public or private self-concept matters more is to have people who experience cognitive dissonance have the choice whether to tell others or keep it to themselves. If they choose to tell others then it can be said that others opinions on them don’t matter to them and they are more considered with how they personally feel about themselves. If they were to keep it to themselves it can be said that they would rather be the only one to know about their contradiction and they would feel ashamed if the public knew.

I think that people experience cognitive dissonance because of a threat to both their private and public self-image. At least for me, if I get newr information on something that causes me to think completely different, not only am I questioning why I was like that before, I am also hard on myself for thinking that way. I’m not only worried about how I’m viewed publically, but also how that new information will change my own view of myself. However, most people (including myself) would be more worried about their public self-image than their private self-image. As Madison stated, it’s a lot easier to justify something to yourself than it is to justify to other people without being stigmatized in some way. For example, I want to believe that I am a good student who pays attention in class consistently. However, every now and then I find myself looking at other things or not paying attention to a lecture I am watching. This distraction makes me stop my work, and I feel guilty later when I know I could have gotten more work done. This dissonance makes me want to change my behavior, and prove to myself and others that I am a hard worker and I study consistently, but it’s hard to show that if I get distracted easily. I could justify it to myself that I’m taking breaks to improve my workflow later, but justifying it to others in that sense wouldn’t work that way, and would be significantly more difficult to explain. Generally, this does depend on the person, the situation, and where their self-esteem lies. If they generally like proving their worth to themselves, and think about themselves in a high regard, they’re more likely to think about their private self-image. If the person wants to prove themselves to someone else (such as family, friends, or a relationship partner), then they’ll think more about their public self-image instead and hope their public image doesn’t change drastically with one dissonance situation, especially if they crave validation from others. If the situation cases only a small amount of dissonance, it might not cause one of the self-concepts to change. However, if the cognitive dissonance is larger, it might affect both of the self-concepts, or one of them greatly. One way we could explore which self-concept matters more is to have test subjects and induce them into a cognitive dissonance situation. Then have them write how they feel about the dissonance and how it affected them. If they write anything involving the perspective of others, then their public self-image matters more to them. This might be hard to tell since they could write about both their private self-concept and their public self-concept. In that case, one could argue that both are important to the person. Depending on the ratio of what they write about, one could tell which is more important to the subject.

Emad Tawfik
RE: Cognitive Dissonance and Self-Concept
COLLAPSE
People, I believe, feel cognitive dissonance as a result of a threat to both their private and public image. In my personal experience, there have been times when I cared for both, which is a natural human reaction in many circumstances. On the one hand, I believe that because cognitive dissonance threatens one’s self-esteem, some people may be more concerned with their private self-image because they don’t care what others think of them. On the other hand, some individuals may be more concerned about their public image if they rely greatly on the validation of others, or if they are influencers or famous since they believe they must defend their image at all costs, as others have said. I absolutely believe it depends on the individual because I believe people with poor self-esteem are less likely to have dissonant arousal than those with strong self-esteem, which makes a significant difference. When people care more about their public or private lives, I believe it is clear most of the time. I don’t believe there is a precise way to test this since, as I previously stated, it truly depends on the individual and their standing in life, whether they are a regular living person or someone as important as the president who has to make decisions that affect the entire country. Therefore, I believe that a person may fully test themselves by considering which one is more important to them and why, but no one can truly test another. Because this relates to a mental conflict that happens when a person’s behaviors and beliefs do not coincide, it produces a lot of tension and psychological issues for many because the individual might often maintain two contradictory views. I believe there are other instances that could be provided, but the greatest one that I can provide is the dieting cheat example. This is when a person is on a diet and feels that they need to eat properly in order to achieve a certain objective, such as losing weight or being healthier but contradicts that by having a cheat meal or day. They end up eating something that contradicts their dietary goals, but they convince themselves that it’s acceptable since they have an excuse. This scenario, I believe, may be applicable to many people, as it is to me.

The instructor will post lecture content and assignments on or before
Tuesdays at noon. Students should make every effort to respond to the discussion questions in a
timely manner to help generate academic discourse. Final thoughts and wrap-up statements must
be posted by Mondays before 11:59pm. Posts made after 11:59pm will not receive credit.
Comments should be thoughtful and contribute something meaningful and new to the discussion.
Posts should reflect about one week’s worth of critical thinking (at least 300 words), use
original examples, credit any echoed classmates, and demonstrate applied knowledge of
that material. Students should respond to one classmate’s post in addition to their own. Because
this is an academic forum, students must formulate their comments with proper attention to
grammar, spelling, and organization.
This is a fully online course, meaning that all course work (100%) will be conducted online.
Expectations for performance in fully online courses are the same as for traditional courses; in
fact, fully online courses require a degree of self-motivation, self

What suggestions would you have for an organization that is seeking to enter the global market for sourcing products and services in order to support human rights and provide some standard for ethical transactions?

Global Technology Concerns. The subject of the third case study analysis is Google’s
actions in China. Please read the following article, Why Google Quit China – And
Why It’s Heading Back. (Links to an external site.)

For this discussion answer the following questions
in your initial post:

·
Transcultural global
ethics always maintains the value of human rights. Have Google’s operations
been consistent with the value of human rights? What example can you give to
support your position?
·
Google is in the
internet business, but many global operations include sourcing supplies that
are sold elsewhere. What suggestions would you have for an organization that is
seeking to enter the global market for sourcing products and services in order
to support human rights and provide some standard for ethical transactions?
·
What role do bribes
play in conducting business overseas? Are technology companies, which are eager
to gain market share in growing economies, at risk of violating the provisions
of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act?

What has Eco’s examination of history revealed, and how does he support the main conclusions that come from his study?

Part 1 of 2 (300-350 words):

Summarize the arguments presented by Umberto Eco in his essay “Ur-Fascism.”

Treat this as a secondary source (that is, an academic-style study based on research and/or the analysis of evidence) rather than a primary source (that is, a source made by someone who is actively participating in making history). Because this is a secondary source, a summary of the writer’s argument should focus on the most important research findings and the conclusions derived from those findings. What has Eco’s examination of history revealed, and how does he support the main conclusions that come from his study?

You may use only the assigned text itself and the course lecture videos. That is, you may not do any outside research or use the work of any other person regarding the text or the events and circumstances that it addresses.

Part 2 of 2 (350-400 words):

Summarize the arguments presented by Kwame Nkrumah in the selection from his work “Neo-Colonialism: The Last Stage of Imperialism.”

You must treat this text as both (a) a secondary source (that is, an academic-style study based on research and/or the analysis of evidence), and (b) a primary source (that is, contemporaneous evidence made by someone who is actively participating in making history).

(a) When considering this as a secondary source — that is, one in which “arguments” are conclusions about “what is” or “what has been” — your summary should focus on the most important findings and analyses that Nkrumah presents with regard to the conditions that exist at the time he is writing. In other words, what are his analytical conclusions about the nature of the circumstances that he describes and about their causes and effects?

(2) When considering this as a primary source, your summary should focus on Nkrumah’s goals. That is, consider the ways in which this is also a normative, values-based argument — in other words, an argument about “what should be.” What outcomes is Nkrumah pursuing? And how does he frame the issues in order to support those claims and advance toward those goals?

You may use only the assigned text itself and the course lecture videos. That is, you may not do any outside research or use the work of any other person regarding the text or the events and circumstances that it addresses.Word count: 750-word maximum
In your Critical Analysis, only use evidence from assigned readings, lectures, and section in your responses. Include in-text citations for the sources used, whether videos, readings, weekly notes, etc. Avoid including lengthy quotes. Instead, paraphrase and explain the relevance and significance of the selected passages or video segments in your own words as much as possible. When paraphrasing or summarizing a source, also cite it with an in-text citation. For briefer quotations, use quotation marks when you are citing words that are not your own. For your in-text citations, give the author’s name and the page number, if there is one. You do not need to have a Works Cited page because you are only using course resources.
Academic Integrity: MMW expects all assignments to be the product of original individual work for the course. Assignments submitted with integrity give credit where credit is due and honestly acknowledge others’ work by adhering to standards of citation, assignment requirements for use of sources and materials, and University guidelines.

Describe each task (work package) in your WBS with just enough information so that everyone in the team can understand what each work package means.

This week’s assignment is to create a work breakdown structure (WBS) for the project
you selected during Unit 2. This is part of your Course Project.

Instructions:
Create a high-level WBS comprised of at least three levels:
• Each level should have with a minimum of five level 1 tasks, with two level 2
tasks, and three (3) Level 3 tasks.
• Describe each task (work package) in your WBS with just enough information so
that everyone in the team can understand what each work package means.
• Level Numbering:
o Your first level of tasks should be numbered 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0.
o Your second level of tasks should be numbered 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, etc.,
o The third level of tasks should be numbered 1.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3, 1.2.1,
1.2.2. 1.2.3 etc.
Requirements:
• Submit a Word document.
• There is no need to use APA formatting for this assignment

I have attached my project charter for this assignment to coincide with.

What are the similarities and differences among the three theories?

Week 6 – Theories of emotion
This week, please discuss the following: (175 words)
What are three theories of emotion? Be sure to cite and reference the textbook.
Identify a real example of each theory in your life. This can be a real example or a hypothetical example involving yourself. Be specific.
What are the similarities and differences among the three theories?
Reply to two classmates (50 words each)

Do you agree or disagree with Power’s (2011) statement?

We will be scaffolding this assignment by completing the following graded evaluations. See below for details and due dates. Research Project Thesis Due by 5pm EST on March 10th 5% of final mark Research Project Annotated Bibliography Due by 5pm EST on March 16th 15% of final mark Research Project Peer Review Due by 4pm EST March 30th 5% of final mark Guidelines: Students are to write a persuasive research essay that demonstrates an understanding of persuasive writing techniques, effective essay structure, along with clear, concise, and organized writing. You will demonstrate all the skills and techniques we have mastered up to this point. Essays should present a well-developed thesis statement that is supported throughout the essay. Students have several options for this essay and are to choose only one. This argumentative research essay will be approx. 1000-1200 words in length double-spaced,12-point font, Times New Roman. This persuasive research essay requires students to conduct scholarly research. The essay should include at least three scholarly sources. Scholarly sources can include peer-reviewed articles, book chapters etc. Sources not to be used include: a blog, fan site, overtly biased article, or wiki-anything. Please choose ONE of the following topics: 1. “Mandatory Voting a Fix for Low Voter Turnout and its Distorted Results” by Andrew Coyne (2014) – http://news.nationalpost.com/full-comment/andrew-coyne-mandatory-voting-a-fix-for-low-voter-turnout-and-its-distorted-results Andrew Coyne (2014) discusses several different reasons as to why people do not vote and suggests mandatory voting as a solution. He also looks at the results of low voter turnout at elections, and how these results have changed our understanding of democracy. ❑ After reading this article, write a persuasive essay arguing mandatory voting is or is not a solution to low voter turnout. o Things to consider: Coyne (2014) cites three reasons as to why people don’t vote. Do you agree or disagree? If not mandatory voting, then what solution could fix low voter turnout? What is the current perception of democracy? 2. “It’s Time to Close Canada’s Food Banks” by Elaine Power (2011) – http://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-debate/its-time-to-close-canadas-food-banks/article587889/ Elaine Power (2011) makes the controversial statement that food banks do not adequately address hunger and poverty and have unintended negative consequences that further perpetuate hunger among Canadians. She further asserts that food banks themselves have become an obstacle to and a distraction from ending poverty. ❑ After reading this article, write a persuasive essay arguing that food banks are or are not an adequate response to poverty and hunger in Canada. o Things to consider: Do you agree or disagree with Power’s (2011) statement? Why? If we eliminate food banks, what should replace them? How else to address poverty and hunger in Canada? 3. “Promoting Intelligence” by Kevin Bottero (2008) – https://canadiandimension.com/articles/view/promoting-intelligence-toronto-duo-stokes-the-fire-of-original-hip-hop-and- Kevin Bottero (2008) writes that the roots of hip hop have been lost, and that contemporary hip hop artists rap about meaningless issues such as “cars, booty and bragging.” Bottero (2008) calls attention to the political roots of rap and hip hop, noting that this genre of music has the potential to spark political and social change – in people’s minds, but also literally. ❑ After reading this article, write a persuasive essay arguing that musicians do or do not have a moral responsibility to their audience. o Things to consider: Do you agree or disagree with Bottero’s (2008) argument that hip hop artists should rap about political issues? Why? If musicians have such an incredible persuasive power and influence over large groups of people, don’t they have an obligation to rap about important issues? Remember, simply re-arguing the point(s) of the author is not the same as developing your own persuasive argument. Checklist for Essay: ✓ Thesis statement is well-developed. It is specific, arguable, and clear. ✓ I am not writing in the first person (“I”), I am using the third person perspective. ✓ My essay has organized body paragraphs and each body paragraph supports my thesis/position. ✓ I use credible and scholarly resource(s) to support my claim and have integrated them into my own writing. ✓ I have clearly and properly cited my sources in APA format. ✓ The essay is entirely in my own words. ✓ My conclusion wraps up my findings and my argument in an organized way. ✓ My references page cites any research I used/consulted and demonstrates accurate APA formatting. ✓ My title page uses accurate APA formatting.

Describe how the findings may be applied to the context of your practice, providing rationale for your recommendations.

critical appraisal of a study conducted for preterm infants
the effects of kangaroo care on maternal attatchment in preterm infants.

Provide a systematic evaluation of each major section, which includes a balanced perspective of strengths and limitations for each section
Synthesize major critique points with your knowledge and experience of the topic
Provide a conclusive evaluation of the report in terms of strengths, limitations, meaning, and significance
Describe how the findings may be applied to the context of your practice, providing rationale for your recommendations
Analyze potential contextual supports and barriers to the application of the findings
Demonstrate critical, reflective thinking
Accurately demonstrate the use of APA referencing style and the use of appropriate research terminology.

includes research design and methods used and sampling data, sampling collection, data collection methods, reliability abd validity of the study. all should be discussed.
i will be providing the topic that needs to be appraised.
or do you have a topic specific to NICu neonatal intensive care population.

Make sure the report is a primary research study.
Select a simple study that makes sense and is meaningful to NICU practice.