I would need an essay written as per the professor’s instructions below. I have attached files of some of the articles that should be referenced. Outside articles are ok as well but if they are used only use 1 or 2 articles outside of the ones attached.
Early modern science and philosophy represent a radical break with ancient (or premodern) philosophy. Early modern thinkers argue that there needs to be a new method to truth, usually one based on skepticism, simplicity, or experiment. In your paper and based on the readings, explain how early modern thought breaks with premodern philosophies and develops a new method to achieve more scientific truths. Finally, examine whether modern (scientific) methods/philosophies have been positive or negative on average. Defend your conclusion. Below are some topics that you may want to address in your paper:
1. How Descartes’ focus on radical skepticism and simplicity leads him to reject external truths and experiences that Plato, Aristotle, and other premoderns would assume to be the starting point or foundation for knowledge.
2. How Francis Bacon develops an experimental method that focuses on the discovery of new knowledge. His method rather than supporting the metaphysical reflections and goals of past philosophies focuses on producing new knowledge and results.
3. How modern philosophy/science is committed to the project of construction (i.e. Lachterman or Adorn/Horkheimer). Rather than focusing on the unique and pre-technical experiences of individual (that many ancient philosophers seem interested in developing), modern philosophy and science seek to develop simple and absolute truths into a discursive system that translates every experience into precise and convertible data. That is, this kind of data can be converted into and exchanged with other data points so that individual unique experiences become in way worthless and an illusion.
Your paper should be 4-5 full pages double-spaced, normal margins. (Your name on the paper is all that is required since you will be submitting it electronically.) You do not need a lengthy header since your name is associated with the submission link; do not include a lengthy header at the top of the first page. Please consult the syllabus for additional paper requirements and for the grading rubric for assigned papers in the course, especially what constitutes plagiarism. LATE PAPERS will not be accepted; papers are due Monday, March 6th by midnight. To submit the paper, go to the Course Content section of Blackboard and upload an appropriate file (.doc or .pdf) via TurnItIn Assignments Paper 1 link.
Note: extensive use of secondary sources in your paper is discouraged and will result in a lower grade. Engagement and analysis of the primary texts (i.e. the pdfs provided for free by the course) is expected in the paper. Citing lengthy primary text quotes without thorough explanation does not consitute engagement with the text. Additionally, papers will be checked for plagiarism. It is your responsibility to make sure your paper is free of copied and improperly cited material. Citation of the primary text does not have to follow rigorously the MLA or Chicago standards, since the readings were provided as free pdfs. For example, you can cite a passage with the (author, page number) format. Finally, there will be an Argumentation video posted in the Course Content section of the Blackboard, which explains how to construct an argument. Your paper should be written following its guidance; you should have a thesis which you propose and defend with logic/analysis in your paper.
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