In the words of James Messerschmidt,
“masculinity challenges arise from interactional
threats and insults from peers, teachers, parents,
and from situationally defined masculine
expectations that are not achievable. Both, in
various ways, proclaim a man or boy
subordinate in contextually defined masculine
terms… Masculinity challenges may motivate
social action towards masculine resources (e.g.,
bullying, fighting) that correct the subordinating
social situation, and various forms of crime can
be the result” (quoted in Rios 2011: 128-129).
Please explain how the boys discussed
in Punished respond to “masculinity challenges,
and how this provides them opportunities to
exercise agency and claim identity, while also
leading to their further criminalization and
stigmatization. Please provide at least two
examples from chapter 6 of the book to explain
your ideas.
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