Discuss question 5 on page 123 in Fair Play. Include in your discussion the idea of changing biological body parts for mechanical ones to increase one’s ability to perform an action.

Instructor’s Notes
Leadership and Sport
Motivation
The force within the individual that focuses his/her behavior to achieve a desired goal.
Two types of needs
Relatedness needs – those needs that are satisfied by social and interpersonal relationships
Growth needs- those needs that are satisfied by creative or productive activities
Five Power Bases
Reward power –ability to influence other’s behavior by offering something of value
Coercive power – ability to penalize others to influence their behavior
Legitimate power – power that stems for the belief that a person has the right to exert influence
Expert power – derived from a person’s knowledge or the perception that the person has knowledge.
Referent power – ability to influence another based on the perception that goals or objectives are similar.
‘Group norms’ are the standards of behavior that are expected by the members of the group.
Perceived ethicalness of the group affects decisions.
Ten Key Behavioral Characteristics of Ethical Leadership (Harvey, Smith, and Sims)
Build values and ethical awareness
Hold people accountable
Lead by example
Use values to drive decisions
Ensure in-sync policies and practices
Provide values and ethics education
Pay attention to perceptions
Focus on Steady, incremental change
Hire and promote ethical people
Encourage initiative
Five Types of Leadership Style (Charles Kelly)
Leader – ethical and charismatic person who leads group for the long-term benefit of organization. Receives high ratings from superiors, peers and subordinates. Feels a sense of responsibility to all constituencies.
Builder –not seen as charismatic-superiors may see them as ‘dead-ended’ in their career not having the talent to be a leader. Peers and subordinates often think they should be in higher positions.
Destructive Achiever – has charisma, but lacks ethical perspective – affect on long-term for organization is negative. Gets the immediate job done but often at the expense of positive long-term objectives.
Innovator – at the vanguard of profession and contributes to creative breakthroughs. loyalties are to own technology and chosen followers.
Mechanic – Professionally competent, but exerts little influence on inter-group or inter-level issues.
Six Golden Rules for Successful Leadership – Alexander
Respect people
Take responsibility for actions
Have a sense of urgency
Pay attention to the details
Have a consistency of purpose
Embrace change
L.I.F.T. (Alexander)
In order to demonstrate respect a leader must build trust among stakeholders. Ethical equation to improve trust
Loyalty +
Integrity +
Fairness =
Trust
T.A.C.T. (Alexander)
Four main areas of responsibility of a leader
Create a trusting attitude among all stakeholders.
Hold people accountable.
Ensure open communication between all stakeholders.
Provide adequate training so that everyone can fulfill their organizational duties.
SRP Topics: Answer two of them.
1. Discuss question 5 on page 123 in Fair Play. Include in your discussion the idea of changing biological body parts for mechanical ones to increase one’s ability to perform an action.
Here is the question: “Based on the points discussed in the chapter, do you believe genetic enhancement should be preliminarily accepted or banned in competitive sports? Provide reasons to support your view.”
2. Topic: do you agree or disagree with the following argument? Defend your position.
1. As long as they do not harm others, athletes should be allowed to do what is necessary for them to do to be the best they can in performing their professional duties.
2. Using performance enhancing drugs allows athletes to do the best they can while performing their professional duties and does not harm others.
3. Therefore, athletes should be allowed to use performance enhancing drugs.
Note: if you disagree with this argument you must find something wrong with one or more of the premises. You should also be very clear on what you think ‘harm’ means.
The following video discusses an important moral/political principle devised by John Stuart Mill, The Harm Principle.

3. Should Sports make allowances for athletes who have a physical disability that does not directly affect their ability to play the sport? A few years ago there was a college golfer who wanted to turn pro, but had a physical issue that limited his ability to walk the course. He had no issues hitting the ball, putting, etc., the only problem was getting from one spot to another on the golf course. He requested that he be allowed to use a golf cart for that purpose. The PGA ruled that he had to walk the course like all the other players. Was this fair?
What about an athlete who has only one hand; should they be allowed to play professional sports, or for that matter, any level of organized sport?
Is there a morally relevant difference between the first and second case that makes the second case less problematic then the first?
4. Six Golden Rules for Successful Leadership – Alexander
1. Respect people
2. Take responsibility for actions
3. Have a sense of urgency
4. Pay attention to the details
5. Have a consistency of purpose
6. Embrace change
Take three of these six rules and explain how a good leader implements it in their lives?

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