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Research teams at Liverpool, led by Prof. Katie Atkinson, are currently using Artificial Intelligence techniques to help develop models which can support legal work by modelling judicial decision making and the evolution of societal values in legal reasoning and trial outcomes. Techniques including natural language processing and computational models of argument are used to capture key elements in court cases that are then modelled to provide automated decision support for deciding new cases, based on previous judgements and principles of legal reasoning.
In order to begin the process, models and representations of legal reasoning must be developed, which must not only accurately record and capture the data which is obtained through Natural Language Processing techniques, but is also presented so that it is understandable and explainable via a suitable user interface. The data includes justifications of judges’ decisions, rulings and legal opinions, as well as identification of the arguments presented in court and supporting legal documents. The techniques use computational methods which model the arguments put forward in the legal cases.
There are many challenges to undertaking this development, including the difficulty of defining effective, accurate and robust models which accurately reflect court proceedings, as well as systems for robust evaluation of these methods. Of further significance is the need for the AI tools to be explainable to enable users to scrutinise the reasoning captured in the software. It is important that any outcomes from AI models can be evaluated so that scrutiny can take place to verify the models’ accuracy and ensure trust regarding the absence of bias in the automated reasoning. Incorrect or unsuitable models or outcomes can have serious implications within the field. When developing the models and computational techniques, the teams work with domain experts to inform their model construction, to ensure fidelity to real life legal reasoning and ensure that implicit or unconscious bias is not being perpetuated in the models.
These techniques are applicable to a range of other sectors, including insurance, risk management and government policy making.
In 1,000 words, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using AI techniques/algorithms in legal proceedings, bring some examples into the discussion, and evaluate its ethical aspects.
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