The essay/term paper (essay itself and please include a formal outline of the essay in a separate file) must be an in-depth, comprehensive analysis of the topic (stated below). I have noted specific issues that you must respond to, but those issues are not intended to be the total issues you should analyze; the essay should be a comprehensive summary of the topic, with key issues and threshold values well identified. The purpose of your paper is to be read by other medical school students to understand the topic.
The essay should be based on the focused depth of analysis, logical organization, and support (appropriate citations) for the assigned topic. Please do not proceed off-topic, or only respond to a portion of the assigned topic. As explicit instructions: do not spend / waste time presenting any unrelated issues (such as religious views, specific / individual cases, medical symptoms, diagnoses, any opinions, other specific countries views / actions / laws, etc.), specific diseases, etc.; stay exclusively focused upon the assigned topic which is a human medical ETHICAL analysis for the Philippines.
I am attaching to this order four (4) exemplar essays (not including their Attachment files). This is the level of quality, organization, and detail that will be expected. Below, I note their assigned topics;
(Carillo) Identify (with citations & attachments) all of the rules, laws, & guidance for human medical gene / genome editing (e.g., CRISPR) in the Philippines. Distinguish ethical issues re treatment of a living person (e.g., for infection / hereditary disease) vs. human germline modification (e.g., designer babies). What non-Philippine model(s) would work best for the Philippines, and why (not just your opinion)?
(Solatorio) The UK uses a QALY method for determining How Much Money (resources) should be expended on patients (HMMP) in their national health system (individuals may also purchase more resources) see: “A Health Economic perspective on COVID-19″ above. With Phil. Health now being provided to all Filipinos, what would be an appropriate formula and cap for determining a Philippines HMMP? Does any country of equivalent economics and population use such a system as you propose?
(Cantero) Identify (with citations & attachments) all of the rules, laws, & guidance defining vulnerable persons regarding human medical research in the Philippines, and how such must be treated. Provide a footnoted tabular list (1) defining each and every group deemed to be vulnerable regarding medical research, (2) noting which Philippines organization(s) must be involved in ethical oversight for medical research on such defined vulnerable persons, and (3) then distinguish the group-entries in the Philippines List from the WHO list. What substantive changes are necessary in the Philippines List(s), and why (not just your opinion)? Rules regarding how vulnerable persons must be treated in Philippines Human research may be found in: National Ethical Guidelines for Health and Health-Related Research 2017 (Version 2, Mar 2018) (copy attached) hyperlink at: http://www.ethics.healthresearch.ph/index.php/2012-04-19-05-10-10/297-2017-national-ethical-guidelines-revision.
(Apostol) Identify (with citations & attachments) all of the rules, laws, & guidance for medical social responsibility in the Philippines; then summarize how each of the NIH, Hospitals, and individual physicians are required and guided to follow. Is the Philippines system effective / efficient? What substantive changes are necessary, and why (not just your opinion)?
This essay/term paper must be focused (100%) on Philippines or International Body that the Philippines has membership with (e.g., United Nations, WHO) laws, policy, rulings, procedure, standards, and implementations, do not waste time discussing other countries practices, unless those rules directly affect or define Philippines practice (e.g., Philippines ratified treaties).
All stated / noted facts must have citations to substantive / scholarly references (not to opinions or News articles). Do not use the terms: may,” “might,” “could,” “would,” and “seem” or their adverbial counterparts, “possibly” and “probably”. Please study the facts and then declare your conclusions in clear and definitive terms with citations to scholarly secondary or primary sources. (adapted from http://www.usu.edu/markdamen/WritingGuide/02defin.htm)
Avoid citations to tertiary references. Cite only references that you have actually read and understand, a few appropriate citations are worth greater value than many poorly considered citations. For ALL references please attach (not counted in the page limit) a clear version in PDF format. For all references and attachments, you also must cite to a current and valid hot-link / hyperlink (https://wikidiff.com/hotlink/hyperlink) of the web-page(s) where it was obtained.
For the PAPER FORMAT: normal (1.5) spacing, margins at 1, indents at 0, 10-12 point Times New Roman font (headings at 14-16 point); The noted attachments MUST be attached with the essay and outline. Please also take note any of the following errors: (a) mislabeled or unreadable file, (b) improper spacing/font, (c) insufficient References section (must contain hyperlinks to each document found on-line), (d) use of any personal pronoun referring to the reader or author, (e) any rhetorical question(s), (f) any undefined acronyms or any contractions.
Essay length must be between 5-7 pages, which will not include space taken by any/all images, photos, tables, charts, graphs, cover page (if any), quotes, or the References section, (g) you must not have cited ANY tertiary references, other than merely to cite included photos, tables, or graphs.
I am also attaching a Medical School Resource List as an aid. I am also sending some materials related to this topic, however those materials were insufficient and in many cases were wrong / incorrect or not-on-topic. The “AGUSTIN, LARAH – MANDATORY VACCINE” file (attached) has the graphic that i am aiming for Please use THAT FORMAT for both the voluntary and mandatory vaccine administration sections of the essay. (See also PPTs of: CAMAGANACAN JAEL – MANDATORY VACCINE & Dominice, Cherry – Mumps)
Complete and in-depth analysis of the entire topic from a Philippines medical ethics perspective (not religious; not other countries practices; not your opinion or others opinion; not medical science, treatment, or diagnosis; etc.) is the exclusive focus for this essay.
If you have questions or concerns, please message me as soon as possible.
Topic (IMPORTANT):
Generally, you are identifying and providing (with citations & attachments) all of the rules, laws, and guidance as to when is it ethically appropriate to (a) offer and administer (e.g., voluntary, by informed consent) a vaccine AND (b) mandate administration of (police power / force, not simply offer) a vaccine? At the very least, you must provide and cite the minimum thresholds regarding the (i) Pathogen [e.g., contagiousness, virulence, prevalence, and other available treatments which would limit / reduce contagion]; (ii) Vaccine [e.g., effectiveness, and safety]; as well as (iii) Society valuation of personal rights versus collective / societys rights. You will likely need to develop a matrix as well as using versions of the chart provided to you. It is imperative that each and every sub-issue must have a clearly identified minimum threshold with an explicit citation showing the source of such threshold as applying to the Philippines.
Remember that if a vaccines administration is voluntary (autonomy is upheld) then it is a medical treatment subject to the four ethical principles (autonomy, justice, beneficence, non-maleficence); but if vaccine administration is mandated (use of societys police power to enforce administration) then it is absolutely a violation of personal autonomy, so the ethical justification must be sufficiently rigorous to permit such violation which has historically been to control a severe epidemic by developing a herd immunity in the societys population.
Once you have completed these minimum requirements, you must also discuss (1) other required issues, if any; (2) interrelated thresholds, if any (e.g., for a highly virulent & contagious pathogen, would the Philippines ETHICALLY permit (either voluntarily or under mandate) a less effective and / or less safe vaccine? give numerical thresholds with citations); (3) duration of vaccine effectiveness; (4) whether the virulence issue is affected by whether the pathogen is more deadly or causes long-term disability / crippling rates; (4) whether the issue of cost / price of the vaccine matters, and how.
Then DISCUSS the issues do not recite in words what the reader can see in the charts / matrices! The text is to TEACH the reader.
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