1. Choose ONE of these two argumentsand then do the following: (1) name the type of informal fallacy it represents — be specific (2) describe the nature of that fallacy and why arguing in this manner cannot help one reach a valid conclusion. Begin by stating whether you have chosen A or B.
A – All men are mortal. No woman is a man. Therefore, no woman is mortal.
B – Bruce Arians says that [American] football is the best game that has ever been invented and he would know. He’s the head coach of the Arizona Cardinals.
2. Choose THREE of the following quotations(indicate the letter of your choice) and then do the following: (1) name the philosopher or philosophy associated with it (2) explain what you think the quotation means in the context of the philosophy.
A. “Those perceptions, which enter with most force and violence, we may name impressions; and under this name I comprehend all our sensations, passions and emotions as they make their first appearance in the soul. By ideas I mean the faint images of these in thinking and reasoning …”
B. “True ideas are those that we can assimilate, validate, corroborate and verify. False ideas are those that we can not.”
C. “It is only a fool who allows his sheep to break loose twice.”
D. “The view of nature which the philosopher frames artificially, is for art the original and natural one … Each splendid painting owes, as it were, its genesis to a removal of the invisible barrier dividing the real from the ideal world…”
E. “Art is a lie which makes us see the truth.”
F. “This is the right way of approaching or being initiated into the mysteries of love…”
G. “Let us take, for example, this bit of wax which has just been taken from the hive. It has not yet completely lost the sweetness of the honey it contained; it still retains something of the odor of the hive from which it was collected; its color, shape, and size are apparent; it is hard and cold; it can easily be touched; and, if you knock on it, it will give out some sound … But now while I am talking I bring it close to the fire…”
H. [The threat is] “that the approaching tide of technological revolution in the atomic age could so captivate, bewitch, dazzle, and beguile man that calculative thinking may someday come to be accepted and practiced as the only way of thinking … And then? Then man would have denied and thrown away his own special nature—that he is a meditative being.”
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