Explain what the following 3 quotes mean in terms of teaching students with literacy difficulties.

Explain what the following 3 quotes mean in terms of teaching students with literacy difficulties. The
explanation should indicate an understanding of the concepts underlying the quote as well as direct
connection to what this means for literacy instruction, particulary for students with literacy difficulties.
Terminology that MUST be defined within the answers for each quote are highlighted (in bold). The
paper can be divided up by the different quotations. I am going to list the textbook that these quotes
came from and this textbook must be used and I will also list some references for other sources that also
need to be referenced and used.
The textbook is: Multisensory Teaching of Basic Language Skills (4th ed.), 2018; Judith Birsh and Suzanne
Carreker
The 3 quotes were taken from the above mentioned textbook. I will try and download the textbook.
#1 Birsh and Carreker (2018) stated, “Chall explained that the reader who does not attain automaticity in
word recognition is said to be “glued” to the print (1983, p. 17)” (p. 341).

#2 “a test must be reliable to be valid” (Birsh & Carreker, 2018, p. 259).

#3 “Research has shown that phonological deficits separate good readers from poor ones, that deficits
do not go away on their own, and that they can be identified early (Dehaene, 2009; Shaywitz, 2003;
Wolf & Stoodley, 2008)” (Birsh & Carreker, 2018, p. 223).
References:
Stages of Reading Development by J.S. Chall (1983)
Reading in the Brain: The new science of how we read by S. Dehaene (2009)
Overcoming Dyslexia: A New and complete science-based program for reading problems at any
level; by S. E. Shaywitz (2003)
Proust and the Squid: The story and science of the reading brain by M. Wolf & C.J. Stoodley (2008)

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