Explain whether the two types of t-tests resulted in the same findings.

Begin by downloading the following SPSS data sets:
• Data Week 3a.sav (found in Books and Resources for this Week)
• Data Week 3c.sav (found in Books and Resources for this Week)
Part A. Dependent-samples t-test
In this assignment, you are interested in determining whether participation in a creative writing course results in increased scores on a creativity assessment. For this part of the assignment, you will use the data file, “Data Week 3a.sav”. In this file, “Participant” is the numeric student identifier, “CreativityPre” contains creativity pre-test scores, and “CreativityPost” contains creativity post-test scores. A total of 40 students completed the pre-test, took the creativity course, and then took the post-test.
1. Descriptive Data Analysis/Hypotheses
Perform descriptive data analysis on CreativityPre and CreativityPost. Using SPSS, calculate the mean and standard deviation of these two variables.
Construct an appropriate bar chart that displays the relevant information for these two variables.
Write the null and alternative hypotheses used to test the question above (e.g., whether participation in the course affects writing scores).
Include a summary of the descriptive results, chart, and hypotheses in your Word document under the heading Part A. Dependent Samples t-Test: Descriptive Data Analysis
2. Comparison of Means
Perform a dependent-samples t-test to assess your hypotheses above (note that many versions of SPSS use the term “paired samples t-test” rather than dependent-samples t-test; the test itself is the same).
Write one or two paragraphs that describe the dataset, identifies your hypothesis and presents the results of the dependent-samples t-test. Be sure that your writing conforms to APA style. Add this discussion to your Word document (lastnamefirstinitialPSY7117-3.doc) under the heading Part A. Dependent Samples t-Test: Comparison of Means.
Part B. Independent Samples t-Test
In this assignment, you will start with the data file used in Part A (“Data Week 3a.sav”). Suppose, however, you [the researcher] encountered a small problem during data collection: after the post-tests were collected, you realized that the post-test form did not ask for the students’ identification number. As such, it will be impossible to match pre-test scores to post-test scores. Rather than simply give up, you start thinking about the data you do have and try to determine whether you can salvage your project. In assessing the situation, you realize that you have 40 pre-test scores and 40 post-test scores, but no way to link them. While it will result in a weaker comparison, you determine that you are still able to compare pre-test vs. post-test scores; you will use a between-subjects design rather than a within-subjects design.
1. Create the data set.
Using the “Data Week 3a.sav” file as a starting point, create a new dataset that you can use with the between-subjects design. Hint: You will no longer need the variables CreativePre and CreativeTest. Instead, you have only one variable for the score on the creativity test. A second (or grouping) variable will serve to indicate which test the student took.
Submit the dataset as one of the week’s files. Name the file in the following format: lastnamefirstinitialPSY7117-3b.sav (example: smithbPSY7117-3b.sav).
2. Descriptive Data Analysis/Hypotheses.
Perform exploratory data analysis on CreativityPre and CreativityPost. Using SPSS, calculate the mean and standard deviation of these two variables.
Construct an appropriate bar chart that displays the relevant information for these two variables.
Write the null and alternative hypotheses used to test the question above (e.g., whether participation in the course affects writing scores)
Include descriptive results, chart, and hypotheses in your Word document (lastnamefirstinitialPSY7117-3.doc) under the heading Part B. Independent Samples t-Test: Descriptive Data Analysis
3. Comparison of Means
Perform an independent-samples t-test to assess your hypotheses above.
Write one or two paragraphs that describe the dataset, offer your hypothesis and present the results of the dependent sample t-test. Be sure that your writing conforms to APA style. Add this discussion to your Word doc (lastnamefirstinitialPSY7117-3.doc) under the heading Part B. Independent Samples t-Test: Comparison of Means.
4. Comparison of Designs
In this assignment, you used the same dataset to analyze both a between- and within-subjects design. Create a single paragraph (using the material you wrote above), that presents both sets of results.
Explain whether the two types of t-tests resulted in the same findings. Did you expect this to be the case? Why or why not? What have you learned in this assignment? Add this discussion to your Word doc (lastnamefirstinitialPSY7117-3.doc) under the heading Part B. Comparison of Designs.
Part C. ANOVA
In this assignment, you will use the “Data Week 3c.sav” data file. These data represent the results of a fictitious study which investigates three different treatments for the reduction of occupational stress – a progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) technique, a biofeedback technique, and a meditation technique. The researchers want to determine which, if any, technique is most effective in the reduction of occupational stress. Employees were randomly assigned to the PMR, biofeedback, or meditation group. All employees were screened to ensure they met the criteria for high levels of occupational stress. All employees received a 1-hour training on either PMR, biofeedback, or meditation. After 1 month of utilizing the stress management technique, employees completed a measure of occupational stress called the Occupational Stress Inventory (OSI). Note that higher scores on the OSI inventory reflect greater levels of occupational stress.
1. Descriptive Data Analysis/Hypotheses.
Using the “Data Week 3c.sav” data file, perform descriptive data analysis on both the OSI Score variable. Using SPSS, calculate the mean and standard deviation of this variable. Be sure that your analysis is broken down by treatment (e.g., you will have three means, three SD’s, etc.).
Create one graph of the means for the OSI_Score variable. The graph should clearly delineate the three groups.
Write a null and alternative hypothesis for the comparison of the three groups.
Include descriptive statistics, graphs, and hypotheses in your Word doc (lastnamefirstinitialPSY7117-3.doc) under the heading Part C. ANOVA: Descriptive Data Analysis.
2. Conduct ANOVA analysis.
Using the “Data Week 3c.sav” data file, perform a One-Way ANOVA: one using OSI_Score as the dependent variable.
If appropriate, perform post hoc analyses to determine which groups actually differ.
Write one paragraph summarizing your ANOVA results (be sure to use APA style). At a minimum, your paragraph should contain the three means, three SD’s, ANOVA results (F, df), post hoc tests (if applicable), effect size, and an interpretation of these results. Add this discussion to your Word doc (lastnamefirstinitialPSY7117-3.doc) under the heading Part C. ANOVA: Conduct ANOVA ANALYSIS.

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