How likely are African Americans to commit crimes compared to whites? What are some specific reasons why African Americans are much more likely to end up in prison than whites? What is the “prison industrial complex” and how does it represent institutional racism?

ANSWER EACH OF THE FOLLOWING 3 QUESTIONS WITH A 1 PAGE (DOUBLE SPACED) ANSWER. THUS, YOU SHOULD WRITE 3 PAGES. YOU WILL BE GRADED ON HOW ACCURATELY YOU ANSWER THE SPECIFIC QUESTIONS. BE SURE TO SUPPORT YOUR ARGUMENTS WITH EXAMPLES FROM THE BOOK, LECTURE, AND IN-CLASS VIDEOS.
What is “affirmative action?” What was the Bakke Case and the “Powell Doctrine” that emerged from it? How did the Powell Doctrine both maintain and constrain the operation of affirmative action? On what grounds is affirmative action considered to be constitutionalby the US Supreme Court?
What is the racial “earnings gap?” How much has it closed in the last 40 years? Why is the earnings gap a misleading measure of economic inequality between whites and blacks today? What key structural factors contributed to the growth of nonworking poverty among African American men since the 1960s? What is the “wealth gap” and why is so much larger than the earnings gap?
How likely are African Americans to commit crimes compared to whites? What are some specific reasons why African Americans are much more likely to end up in prison than whites? What is the “prison industrial complex” and how does it represent institutional racism?

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