Hypotheses

Instructions:
Exemplify and explain three different hypotheses from your articles.
Use below research design element input as well as attached resources.

A
Systematic Review of Workplace Trauma and Strategies for Organizational Leaders.
Problem statement
Organizational
leaders cannot guarantee employees not to get exposed to trauma while in the
workplace (Hopper 2018). Therefore traumatic events are unavoidable in the
workplace. However, there are some strategies that organizational leaders can
take to prevent traumatic events from causing debilitating effects to
employees.

One
of the significant actions they can take is to prepare employees adequately to
respond to the traumatic events when they occur, grant the affected access to
coping strategies, and provide social support (O’Donnell et al., 2017). There
are various workplace traumas that employees can be exposed to, including
stressful events such as the death of a colleague or life-threatening events
such as accidents and injuries at the workplace and infectious diseases. This
research, however, will explore the effects of psychological trauma due to the
workplace. Psychological workplace trauma could occur due to an unsafe work
environment, overly taxing employment schedules, racism, bullying, and poor
work-life boundaries.

When
employees experience workplace trauma, they are more likely to experience
physical, emotional, and psychological effects. Physical effects may include
fatigue, change in appetite, experiencing frequent headaches and pain.
Emotional effects may include feeling helpless, getting frustrated, becoming
irritable. Some behavioral products could consist of anxiety, fear, anger, isolation,
task avoidance, employee conflicts, lack of sleep, accidents, or loss of
motivation (Tehrani 2018).

After
experiencing workplace trauma, employees are more likely to experience distress
reactions (Morganstein et al., 2017). They may start getting angry and
vulnerable more often. They may also lose faith and become demoralized. The
majority of employees experience irritability, distractibility, and insomnia.
Some employees will display physical symptoms such as headache, fatigue, body
weakness, dizziness, and nausea even when no physical disorder can be found.
Employees are also likely to suffer health risk behaviors following traumatic
events.

Most
of them start taking excess alcohol and tobacco to self-medicate traumatic
stress (Winter 2019). Escalation of traumatic stress may also cause some to
become violent or isolate themselves. Some employees may also develop
psychiatric disorders after experiencing a traumatic event. The most common
condition is PTSD (Morganstein et al., 2017).

According
to Morganstein et al. (2017), it is approximated that about 20% of
employees exposed to a traumatic event develop PTSD disorder. However, the
disorder starts with milder symptoms but later becomes problematic. Other
employees may experience panic disorder and anxiety. Some studies also suggest
that depression is experienced more frequently than PTSD following traumatic
events.
Purpose statement
The
purpose of this research proposal is to identify the cause and consequences of
psychologically traumatic events in the workplace and the strategies that
organizational leaders can take to prevent these events.
Overall research questions
1) What
is workplace trauma?
2) What
is psychological trauma?
3) What
are the causes and consequences of psychological workplace trauma?
4) What
strategies can organization leaders take to combat this trauma?
5) What
are examples of traumatic events that employees can experience in the
workplace?
6) How
does a traumatic event occur in the workplace?
7) How
can organizations prepare their employees to handle traumatic events in the
workplace?
8) Is
the traumatic effect permanent?
9) How
can workplace trauma be measured and assessed?
References
Morganstein,
J. C., West, J. C., & Ursano, R. J. (2017). Work-associated trauma. In
Physician Mental Health and Well-Being (pp. 33-60). Springer, Cham.

Tehrani,
N. (2018). Workplace Trauma: Concepts, assessment and interventions. Routledge.

Threapleton,
K. (2016). Workplace Trauma Concepts, Assessment and Intervention.

Winter,
L. (2019). Organizational Trauma: A Phenomenological Study of Psychological
Organizational Trauma and Its Effect on Employees and Organization. Management
(18544223), 14(2).

Hopper,
E. (2018). Trauma and organizations. Routledge.

O’Donnell,
M. L., Schaefer, I., Varker, T., Kartal, D., Forbes, D., Bryant, R. A., &
Steel, Z. (2017). A systematic review of person-centred approaches to
investigating patterns of trauma exposure. Clinical Psychology Review, 57,
208-225.

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